Tratamento clínico da neuralgia do trigêmeo idiopática com toxina botulínica tipo A: revisão de literatura

• Autor(a) principal: Rocha, Bryan Taboza Gomes
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/55771
• topic: Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A; Neuralgia do Trigêmeo

Trigeminal Neuralgia (NT) is considered the worst pain that humans can experience and is often refractory to different treatment modalities. Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTX-A) is a substance produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which is characterized by being a very potent neurotoxin. BTX-A is a neurotoxin that acts in several ways on nerve fibers, one of which is the reduction in the activity of nociceptive neurotransmitters. In view of this, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using BTX-A in the treatment of NT. For this, a search was carried out in the databases Pubmed and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) using the descriptors “Trigeminal Neuralgia” AND “Botulinum Toxins, Type A” through which 145 studies were obtained. The following inclusion criteria were used: studies with patients diagnosed with NT who were treated with BTX-A, clinical and drug intervention in humans and patients aged 18 years or older. Exclusion criteria were: articles without detailed methodology, literature reviews and duplicate articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were selected for the production of this review. The possibility of treating NT with BTX-A presents itself as a less invasive option for refractory patients, however, the lack of an adequate protocol impairs the treatment's effectiveness. Even so, high success rates have been reported using different application techniques and dosages. Side effects that could be observed were, reduced muscle contraction force in the masseter and orbicularis oculi muscle, facial asymmetry, transient buccal nerve paralysis, edema, itching and / or pain at the injection sites. Such effects, which for the most part, were spontaneous and did not affect the patients' quality of life. It can be concluded that treatment of NT with BTX-A is a safe treatment, offering few risks, comfortable and effective, with high success rates for long periods of time with just one application, so it must be an option prior to invasive techniques such as surgery and radiofrequency.