Geografia e Fenomenologia: da Epistemologização da Ontologia À “Questão da Técnica” em Martin Heidegger

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Josimar Monteiro
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17373
• topic: Área(s) do conhecimento do documento (Tabela CNPq); Geografia; ontologia; Martin Heidegger; fenômeno técnico; subject.br-rjbn

The thesis concerns the relationship between ontology and epistemology in Geography. The issue within this relationship resides in a critical examination of how ontology has been assimilated into geographical science. This reading is based on the distinction, established by Martin Heidegger, between ontology and epistemology because, for the philosopher, one should not be confused with the other. Based on this distinction, it is argued that the difference between the two was not taken into account by geographers when starting in the 1970s, they began to discuss the issue of the ontological foundation of Geography. These debates began in the context of the epistemological renewal of this science, promoted by critical geography and humanistic geography. For this thesis, ontological reflection, both in critical geography and humanistic geography, depended on the epistemological renewal in geographical sciences. This indicates that ontology was assimilated into Geography to substantiate previously established theoretical positions. This pattern of ontological assimilation in geographical science, guided by an epistemological interpretation, is termed in this thesis as the 'epistemologization of ontology,' signifying the subordination of ontological questions to epistemological issues. Therefore, this thesis aims to contribute to the 'rehabilitation' of the ontological inquiry of Geography. In these terms, the need to revisit the question of the ontological foundation of Geography becomes imperative, much as Heidegger sought to revisit the question of being in “Being and Time”. This reexamination corresponds, within the narrower scope of geographical science, to the project of “rehabilitating” the issue of the ontological foundation of Geography, specifically designating the investigation of its “ontological-existential foundations”. This charges the geographer with the task of adopting the guidelines of the phenomenological method, as expressed by Heidegger through the analysis of Dasein, as a means of accessing the question of being. In this sense, the investigation of the “ontologicalexistential foundations” of Geography is directed towards the existential being-in and the existential spatiality of Dasein, leading the thesis to inquire into the manner in which Dasein, this being that we all are, is immediately and most of the time, in its fallen everydayness (our historical world). In turn, this question prompted an “ontological turn” in the thesis, as it directed the research toward Heidegger's reflection on the “question of technique”. At this juncture, the work proposed a phenomenological interpretation of the technical phenomenon as an alternative to broaden the philosophical foundation of technology in geographical science and, consequently, the understanding of geographical space.