Quantificação e caracterização do material particulado fino (MP2,5) na região metropolitana da Grande Vitória-ES

• Autor(a) principal: Maioli, Brígida Gusso
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/10263
• topic: Receptor model; Source apportionment; PM2.5; Material particulado; MP2,5; Modelo receptor; Distribuição de fontes; Engenharia Sanitária; Ar - Poluição - Vitória, Região Metropolitana de (ES); 628

Atmospheric fine particles with diameter smaller than 2.5μm (PM2.5) have been recently considered an atmospheric pollutant widely associated with health problem. The objective of this work is to collect and characterize PM2.5 particles in an urban region, by mass concentrations, its chemical composition and morphological characteristics. Eight PM2.5 sampling site were located in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória (MRV), Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Daily measurements were carried out from 01 May to 26 June 2011, using a portable air sampler, MiniVol with quartz filters. In addition to the gravimetrical determination of PM2.5 concentrations, the samples were analyzed by Reflectance to determine black carbon (BC), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDX) to identify and quantify chemical elemental composition and Scanning Electron Microscope coupled to Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) to identify the morphological characteristics of the particles. The chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model was used to identify and quantify the contributions from emission sources at each sampling site. The chemical profiles were selected based in PM2.5 Emission Inventory for the region and constructed by using São Paulo Environmental Protection Agency (CETESB) and USEPA Speciate databases, as well as chemical analysed samples collected from some specific industries sources. Average PM2.5 concentrations during the sampling period were between 6,50µg/m3 and 21,47µg/m3 at the eight sampling sites. PM2.5 daily maximum concentrations was recorded at Cariacica site with 37,18µg/m3 , and PM2.5 daily minimum concentrations was recorded at Enseada do Suá site with 1,99µg/m3 . PM2.5 particles images obtained during this study by SEM/EDS indicated the particles majority were collected in a range lower than 1,0µm. The source apportionment study identified groups of seven sources, with the highest contribution from the vehicles, following by sources derived from soil/sandstone/construction/road paved dust, coal/coke/ coke furnace and iron ore/pellets/steel furnace and to a lesser extent, the sources oil combustion, sintering and marine aerosol.