Proposta de implantação de corredores ecológicos como estratégia para mitigação de impactos ambientais na bacia hidrográfica do rio Doce, Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Moreira, Taís Rizzo
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/11081
• topic: Geotechnology; Environmental analysis; Biodiversity; Landscape management; Geotecnologias; Análise ambiental; Biodiversidade; Paisagens; Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal; Geotecnologia ambiental; 630

The inclusion of ecological corridors in fragmented landscapes has shown numerous positive effects, since it facilitates the movement and connectivity between diverse populations, both of flora and fauna. In this context, the objective of this work was to propose routes for the implementation of ecological corridors in the catchment area of the Doce river basin, Brazil. The specific objectives were: (i) to choose the best classifier and map the land use and occupation in the catchment area of the Doce river basin; (ii) to delimit the areas of permanent preservation of the Doce river basin and to confront the use and occupation of the land in the delimited areas; (iii) to calculate the ecology indexes of the landscape and select the forest fragments with the greatest potential for the implantation of ecological corridors; and (iv) to (iv) assess costs and outline the best routes for the implementation of ecological corridors, considering distances and physical impediments, whether topographical or land use. In order to carry out the mapping of land use and occupation, the classification technique supervised by the Maximum Likelihood Classifier was used based on Landsat 8 satellite images. The Permanent Preservation Areas were delimited according to the criteria established by Law 12.651, May 25, 2012 which provides parameters for definitions and limits of PPA. The structural characterization and quantification of some of the forest landscape ecology indices were performed using the ArcGIS® 10.3 computational application, through the spatial analysis extension of the Patch Analyst version 5.2 landscape. The forest fragments connected were the Serra da Gandarela National Park, the Sooretama Biological Reserve and the fragments selected through the application of Fuzzy logic to the landscape ecology indices. The corridors were delimited according to the least cost routes, considering: land use and occupation, permanent preservation areas, potential of the fragments and slope. For each cost matrix, its statistical weight was calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP. The interconnection between the protected areas and the fragments with the corridors respected the width equal to 10% of its length, still respecting the minimum width of 100 meters, following the orientation described by CONAMA nº 09/96. Based on the development of the work, the following results are observed: the largest class of land use and occupation is pasture. Of the total area for permanent preservation, 54.65% is in conflicting use with that established by the legislation. The basin has many forest fragments, but few have very high conservation potential, according to the metric indices of landscape ecology. The proposed corridors connected all fragments of high and very high potential. Thus, it is concluded that the least cost path algorithm associated with the result generated by the multicriteria decision method (AHP), constitutes an important tool for the planning and implementation of an ecological network because it takes into account primary factors the decision-making of the location of the best route.