A crise do sistema políade : a redefinição da identidade ateniense nos discursos de Isócrates e Demóstenes (séc. V e IV a.C.)

• Autor(a) principal: André, Alessandra
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/3324
• topic: Crisis of polis; Identity; Representation; Greece; Macedonia; Persia; Barbarous; Crise da pólis; Identidade; Representação; Grécia; Macedônia; Pérsia; Bárbaro; História; Isócrates, 436-338; Demóstenes; Crises; Identidade; Grécia; Macedônia; Irã; 93/99

After the War of Peloponnesus (431 - 404 B.C.), Helade enters in a deep social crisis and the stáseis become constants. This crisis will affect all the scopes of the life of poleis, placing in risk the proper system políade. At the same time a new force appears at Greek scene, fleshcolor in the figure of the king of Macedonia, Philip II, which starts to intervene directly in the complicated politics of Helade. In this context, factions with distinct positioning appear faced with the interference of Macedonia. From the cultural point of view we will have, at this moment, a redefinition of the identity Greek in the confrontation with Macedonians and Persians. For in such a way, two Athenian orators will play an important role: Isocrates and Demosthenes. Isocrates defends the ideal of the cosmopolis, lulling to sleep the dream to see the Greeks joined against the Aquemênida Empire under the command of Philip II, which it passes then to be considered Greek in opposition the Persian, qualified as barbarous. Demosthenes, in turn, reveals in favor of the maintenance of the system políade characteristic of century V B.C. For the orator, the polis was a vital politics organization, reason by which considered Filipe the true enemy to be fought in the measure where the Macedonian expansionism placed at risk the polis. Then, Demosthenes appeals to the Greeks so that they are joined in an ample coalition against the barbarous threat represented by the king of Macedonia. In view of such consideration we get in touch, in this dissertation, to analyze the fight of representations that establishes in Helade from the end of the War of Peloponnesus on basis of Isocrates and Demosthenes’ politics reflections, with special reference to the distinct figures that they are for them constructed inside of a logic of opposition between Greeks and Barbarians.