Análise do efeito orográfico na distribuição de chuvas: estudo de caso nos municípios de Fundão e Santa Teresa (ES) no ano hidrológico (AH) 2015-2016

• Autor(a) principal: Nascimento, Fabricio Holanda do
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9335
• topic: Geographic climatology; Orographic rain; Scale of analysis; Climatologia geográfica; Chuva orográfica; Escala de análise; Geografia; Climatologia; Chuvas; Espírito Santo (Estado) - Clima; 91

The orographic effect refers to a relationship between the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth. The main objective of this research was to analyze the distribution of rainfall along a 18.8 km transect between the municipalities of Fundão and Santa Teresa in the state of Espírito Santo, in the hydrological year of 2015/2016 (AH 2015/2016). For this, bibliographical surveys were carried out on the main themes of the research, such as weather and climate concepts, rainfall types, climatology analysis scales, general atmospheric circulation, orographic effect on rainfall distribution, geographic climate analysis, among others. In addition, seven experimental pluviometers were prepared, according to the methodology of Assis (2009), of sixty centimeters each. The following factors were considered: altitude, locations with different land use patterns and coverage, with little or no presence of physical barriers, such as trees around rain gauges, in order to avoid problems in collecting the rain. Also in this context, each pluviometric station was fixed in rafters of at least 1 meter and 30 centimeters off the ground. The results showed a correlation between the surface roughness of the local relief with the distribution and intensification of rainfall, even in periods when the origin of rainfall was associated to large scale systems, such as the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. An interpretation of the main climatological elements (air temperature, relative air humidity, radiation, sunshine, direction and velocity of the winds) was also performed, using data from the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), during the AH 2015/2016, with the purpose of comparing the institutional data with the precipitation data collected in the field, and consequently the local climate, understanding that the geographic climatology understands the climate as a set of interconnected elements and not as an isolated information