Repensando o conservadorismo católico : política, religião e história em Juan Donoso Cortés

• Autor(a) principal: Pavani, Roney Marcos
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/3448
• topic: Spain, XIXth century; History of Ideas; Conservatism; Political Catholicism; Construction of modernity; Catolicismo político; História das ideias; Conservadorismo; Construção da modernidade; Espanha, século XIX; História; Donoso Cortés, Juan, Marqués de Valdegamas, 1809-1853; Conservantismo; Modernidade; História moderna - Séc. XIX; Catolicismo; Espanha - Séc. XIX; 93/99

The arrival of the modernity, it begun from the Enlightenment and the French Revolution (1789-1799), produced too much different consequences to the Europeans countries. Politicians and intellectuals sought, each one by their manner, to interpret the new ideas that emerged, relating them with their determined ambient itself. From these debates arose the modern political groups of ideas: conservatism, liberalism and socialism. Spain, country of strong monarchist and catholic roots, is not a exception in this important process. Their debaters, trough all XIXth century, thought how to conciliate that traditions with illuminist values, such as popular sovereignty and secular culture. One of their most activist and most controversial thinkers, even though to be underrated and understudied in Brazil, was the lawyer and professor Juan Donoso Cortés (1809-1853). Donoso is one of the examples of the Spanish catholic conservative thought complexity, whose base, unlike of many commentators say, is not consist in to restore the bourbonic absolutism, or to defend elements that are localized in the medieval past. On the contrary, its objective is to propose a new kind of solution to the modernity, not renouncing to its existence, but not supported by the reactive, liberal or socialist ways, the Donoso"s three political enemies. Trough a deep analysis of his works, we have realized a series of idiosyncrasies in his thought, what makes more than needed a review. With these materials, and by theoretical and methodological texts of political thought – from which we will have the definitions to concepts of liberalism, conservatism, autonomy; as well as the modern history of ideas – from which we will apprehend notions of modernity and modern history; and also from historicists of Spanish history and Europe history, we will seek to demonstrate that Juan Donoso Cortés represents a particular line in the catholic traditionalist thought, especially when he is compared to the names of Maistre and Bonald. Thus, to categorize him as reactionary or regressive is not appropriate, because his theoretical premises – the notion of freedom, history and the role of Catholicism – are very particulars in contrast to modern concepts. It follows that Cortés proposes a moral reformation, based in the catholic religion principles – taken as the most perfect product of religious and historical evolution, without to waive to all elements of modern life. For example: the material wealth, the secular State and some expressions of freedom.