Diversidade genética de Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L. B. Smith (Bromeliaceae) em áreas de restinga no norte do estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil.

• Autor(a) principal: Ribeiro, Izabela Ferreira
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8288
• topic: Bromeliads; Genetic dissimilarity; Genetic structuring; ISSR marker; Conservation units; Bromélias; Dissimilaridade genética; Estruturação genética; Marcadores ISSR; Unidades de conservação; Ecologia; Diversidade biológica x Conservação; Botânica x Classificação; Mata Atlântica; Bromeliacea; 502

Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L.B. Smith. is an endemic species of the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, having economic value due to its exuberance. It is used in the ornamentation of gardens and interiors. In addition to its economic value, it presents key ecological functions such as water reservoir, the formation of microhabitats and maintenance of guilds of pollinators. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of populations of A. blanchetiana in areas of restingas in Espirito Santo. For this study, 148 georeferenced individuals were sampled from six natural areas, three areas within conservation units (CU's): Itaúnas State Park, Vale Natural Reserve and Biological Reserve of Comboios; and three areas outside the protected areas: Guriri, Linhares and Regência. To evaluate the genetic diversity, 11 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers were used, which generated 102 polymorphic bands (65.8%). The genetic diversity indexes were calculated for each study area and for all populations together. The areas with the lowest and highest genetic diversity were Guriri (H' = 0.2795 and I = 0.4140) and Linhares (H' = 0.3838 and I = 0.5020) respectively, both external to the conservation areas. Within the conservation units the lowest diversity value is present at the Itaúnas State Park population (H' = 0.300 and I = 0.4452) and the highest in Vale Natural Reserve (H' = 0.338 and I = 0.5020). When all sampled individuals were included in the analysis, the Nei and Shannon indexes were, H' = 0.402 and I = 0.580, respectively. The genetic dissimilarity between individuals ranged from 0.13 to 1.0, allowing the formation of 19 genetic clusters. From the Bayesian analysis, four genetically distinct groups (K = 4) were formed and the values of ɸST (0.2081) and GST (0.2063) indicated the existence of a high genetic structure among the populations. AMOVA was carried out in order to measure the differentiation of populations above (Itaúnas State Park, Guriri, Vale Natural Reserve and Linhares - group 1) and below (Regência and Biological Reserve of Comboios - group 2) of the Doce river, in order to test it as a barrier Genetics for the species. This index had a value of 79.1% within the groups, 1.18% among the groups and 19.6% among the populations within the groups, indicating that the greatest diversity to be explored is within the groups and not between the groups. This result added to the gene flow (Nm = 1,924) refutes the hypothesis of the Doce river acting as a genetic barrier for the species. With this study it was possible to verify that the ISSR markers were efficient to characterize the genetic diversity of A. blanchetiana, showing that the species presents high genetic diversity in the north of Espírito Santo and that the CU's are maintaining their role of maintenance and conservation of the material of the species