Interceptação de águas pluviais em um fragmento florestal de Mata Atlântica da Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas, Cariacica (ES) Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Barrios Lopez, Juan Felipe
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9358
• topic: Hidrologia de floresta; Precipitação; Dossel Arbóreo; Geografia; Hidrologia florestal; Precipitação (Meteorologia); Dosséis florestais; 91

The rain interception is the first process by which rainwater reaches a watershed, therefore its study and control is essential in the hydrological cycle. This paper determines the interception of rainwater in a section of the Atlantic Forest in the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve (DBBR) in the municipality of Cariacica, ES, Brazil. The period of analysis and data collection starts in September 2014 and ends in September 2015. In order to accomplish the main goal, four thermo-pluviometric automatic stations were installed, three of which capture internal precipitation under the canopy and one captures rainfall from the open sky. The stations include automatic rain gauges with data collection every 5 minutes. In addition, monthly monitoring of precipitation below the canopy was conducted with the internal stations, and through hemispherical photographs using a fish-eye lens F 3,5CS Bower (AE) and Gap Leaf Area (GLA) software. The photographs were obtained in the time interval from 07: 00h to 09: 00h, thus avoiding direct sun and high intensity. In order to define the location of the stations while avoiding significant open spaces in the treetops, and seeking similarities in the tree canopies, three parcels were selected with three plots each. The heights of the trees were measured in each plot using an inclinometer, and circumference at breast height (CBH) converted into diameter at breast height (DBH). Considering only the trees with DBH greater than 10 cm. Thermo-pluviometric stations were installed for data collection and application of the interception model proposed by Horton (1919), Blake (1975) and Lima; Nicolielo (1983). Additionally, the rains were classified according to the parameters of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), considering 0-5mm storm events as weak, 5.1-25mm as intermediate, and 25.1mm and over as strong. The results show that the station 1 had the greatest losses of annual rainfall intercepted (239.4mm), with 344 events and 175.6mm of rain not intercepted, followed by station 2 with 511,6mm, 481 events and 226.6mm of rain not intercepted, and last was station 3 with 613.8mm, 3. 631 events and 371,2mm of rain not intercepted. All data were acquired through the control monitoring station. In the case of canopy stations, it was shown that the station 1 had better results compared to the other stations in the forest, with an average monthly coverage of 84.8% and 4.58 m / m2 of Leaf Area Index (LAI), followed by station 2 with 83.2% and 4.39 m / m2, and station 3 with 77.4% of covered area and 3.83 m / m2. The rain interception, which was the main goal of this paper, showed that station 1 obtained the highest values, with 57.8% and average monthly 43.7mm of rain intercepted, followed by the station 2 with 51.7% and 36. 9 mm of rain intercepted, and station 3 obtained 38.1% and 26.1 mm of rain intercepted in monthly averages. In relation to rainfall events, 96.6% were classified as weak and intercepted at the three stations. Intermediate and strong events correspond respectively to 2.7% and 0.6% of total 2223 events. Therefore was found that factors such as canopy, intensity, number of rainfall events interfere on quantification of interception, showed moderate correlations, strong and very strong respectively.