Efeitos do período de separação materna e do cuidado materno no momento da reunião do filhote isolado, sobre a ansiedade, depressão e ataques de pânico na vida adulta

• Autor(a) principal: Bissoli, Ana Cristina Borges Aguiar
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8014
• topic: Maternal care; Maternal separation; Anxiety; Depression; Panic; Cuidado materno; Separação materna; Ansiedade; Depressão; Pânico; Fisiologia; 612

Abundant evidence suggests that maternal separation (MS) predisposes individuals to the development of anxiety and depression in adulthood. However, it is unclear whether these effects result from maternal separation itself or to the excess of maternal care at the time of the reunion of the separated pup to the nest. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of maternal care and MS period on anxiety and depression in adulthood. For this, Wistar rat pups (n = 106) underwent a 3-h daily MS either from the second postnatal day (PN2) until weaning at PN21 (n = 40) or from PN4 to PN14, the 'stress hyporesponsive period' (SHRP, n=40). Of these, about half of the pups were reunited to a conscious mother and the other half to an anesthetized mother, being thus devoid of maternal care (carrying, anogenital stroke). Although not separated, the controls (n=16) were subjected to similar manipulations along the lactation. After weaning, the rats were housed in individual cages in a room with controlled temperature and sound attenuation with food and water ad libitum and light-dark cycle of 12 h (lights on at 6:00). As adults, the rats were assessed for their vulnerability to panic attacks to electrical stimulations of periaqueductal gray matter (PN62), to depression in sucrose consumption test of anhedonia (TA, PN67) and forced swimming test of resilience (FS, PN83) , and to anxiety to the exposure to the elevated-plus-maze (EPM, PN74) and open-field (OF, PN75). The performance of the rats was filmed and analyzed offline. Differences were considered significant at 5% Bonferroni. The results suggest that (i) the MS has no effect on anxiety of adult rats exposed to EPM and OF; (ii) the MS in the SHRP increases depression indices in FS and TA (iii) the MS in the SHRP facilitates the experimental panic in adult rats (iv) the MS throughout lactation increases both 6 pleasure and resiliency of adult rats exposed to TA and FS, respectively, (v) the MS throughout the lactation increases appetite, thereby resulting in higher weight gains, (vi) although the maternal attention at the time of the reunion have small effects alone, it enhances the facilitation of panic and depression in adult rats subjected to MS during the SHRP. Therefore, this study suggests that the effects of MS depend strongly on the period in which it is performed. This is the first study on the effects of maternal neglect at the time of the reunion of the isolated pup on anxiety, depression and panic in adulthood.