Atividade biológica do óleo essencial de Peperomia alata Ruiz & Pav. (Piperaceae) em Lactuca sativa e Sorghum bicolor

• Autor(a) principal: Fernandes, Alda Francisca Rodrigues de Sousa
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/14580
• topic: Melhoramento Vegetal; Fitotoxicidade; citotoxicidade; genotoxicidade; mutagenicidade; antimutagenicidade; micronúcleo; subject.br-rjbn

The genus Peperomia stands out for the production of essential oils, and occupies the second position as a source of bioactive compounds in the Piperaceae family. Researches using essential oils have demonstrated the potential of these compounds regarding to their biological functions, which can be used as alternative sources based on natural products. Different species of the genus Peperomia have several reported activities, including P. alata, which has already been indicated as a medicinal plant. The tests carried out with plant bioassays allow the assessment of biological activity and identification of bioactive compounds. Thus, this research aimed to perform a phytochemical screening of the essential oil of P. alata leaves and to evaluate the phytotoxic potential, through the plant bioassays with Lactuca sativa and Sorghum bicolor, and the cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials by meristematic cells of Lactuca sativa. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (CG-DIC) and mass spectrometry (CG-EM). The major compounds present in the essential oil were: myristicin (37.87%), gamma-cadinene (28.13%), safrole (16.37%) and o-methyleneugenol (9.74%). Concentrations of the essential oil of P. alata gradually inhibited germination and root and aerial growth in the two test models. Among the treatments that allowed seed germination, it was observed that there was a cytotoxic response in the concentrations of 750 and 187.5 ppm and genotoxic damage in the concentration of 1500 ppm. In the antimutagenic analysis, a significant reduction in damage caused by the MMS agent was noticed, demonstrating antimutagenic potential, and the results indicate that the essential oil of P. alata at a concentration of 187.5 ppm can inactivate the mutagenic agent (desmutagenesis) or modulate the DNA replication and repair (bioantimutagenesis). Therefore, the observed effects support its phytotoxic potential in eudicotyledons and monocotyledons and antimutagenic activity in meristematic cells of L. sativa. These results suggest that the essential oil of P. alata can be used as an alternative to new bioactive compounds, in development of bioherbicides and drugs.