Estudo da geração de biodiesel a partir de resíduos oleosos do saneamento ambiental

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Jairo Pinto de
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6135
• topic: Oily Waste sanitation; Energy use; Grease traps; Sludge and septic tank; Resíduos oleosos do saneamento; Candida antarctica; biodiesel; Aproveitamento energético; lodos de tanque e fossas sépticas; Engenharia Sanitária; Resíduos; Biodiesel - Aproveitamento energético; Lodo residual; 628

Effluents are released daily into water bodies without any treatment with high levels of oil and grease (OG) and are a huge environmental problem. These residues are potentially available may be used for energy recovery, such as oil usage for the production of biodiesel. As the biggest barrier to the production of biodiesel involves the cost of raw materials, grease traps of restaurants, industries and wastewater treatment plants can be used as feedstock for biofuel production, since they have large amounts of oil and grease without cost. However, residual oils and greases contain high levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and as the preferred route for the production of biodiesel transesterification is alkaline, may be formed soap as a final product, impairing the separation of glycerol and decreasing the reaction yield. Thus, the acidic and enzymatic transesterification can present as promising alternatives, since it can catalyze the modification of both triglycerides and free fatty acids. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using four types of oily waste sanitation (skimmings of grease from a University Restaurant, a Food Industry, a Station Wastewater Treatment and Sludge pits and septic tanks); characterize the physicochemical properties of oils and greases extracted and evaluate processes involving generation of biodiesel acid catalyst (H2SO4) and enzyme (immobilized Candida antarctica). The residues studied showed high levels of oil and grease and physicochemical characterization showed high levels of acidity, saponification and humidity. Were detected and quantified the major saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The production of biodiesel from raw materials from grease traps showed high levels of conversion, greater than or equal 90%, which shows that both catalysts (H2SO4 and lipase Candida antarctica) are presented in the efficient esterification of raw waste acidic. The best conversion was found to be 96.5% using the lipid material from the grease trap the University Restaurant UFES catalyzed enzymatically at 50 ° C and molar ratio of 1:9 (oil: alcohol)