Avaliação da resistência à antracnose em frutos de diferentes genótipos de bananeira

• Autor(a) principal: Alves, Eliomara Sousa Sobral
• Data de Publicação: 2005
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4375
• topic: Agronomia; Antracnose; Banana - Qualidade; Banana - Resistência a doenças e pragas - Aspectos genéticos; Fungos na agricultura; 57

In Brazil, the banana culture has a great economical importance. It usually has a family character in Espírito Santo state, being produced in small farms. However, both pre-and post-harvest diseases have caused severe crop-lost. Yellow and black-sigatoka and panama disease can affect the plants still in the field. After the harvest, the fruits can be infected by the Colletotrichum musaeresponsible for the anthracnose in bananas. The choice of resistant genotypes for those diseases is a viable strategy; they can be achieved through improvement programs. In this work the resistance of different bananas genotypes that showed pre-harvested resistance (‘Prata’; ‘Pacovan’; ‘Ouro da Mata’; ‘Prata Zulu’; FHIA01; PV 42-68; PV 42-81; PV 42-142; ST 12-31; ST 42-08; YB 42-21), against the anthracnose were evaluated, using the ‘Prata’ cultivar as control. Additionally, chemical and physical features of the resistant fruits physiology were determined. For the resistance analysis and the genotypes characterization it was used ten and three repetitions, respectively. Statistical variance was measured by 5 % Tukey test. Four hybrids (ST 12-31; PV 42-68; PV 42-81; PV 42-142) were more resist to disease confirmed by small lesion diameter and pulp preserved. ST 12-31, PV42-81 and PV 42-142 had higher weight values than control, being 150,7g, 187,8g and 243,5g, respectively. The values for pulp weight vary from 72,4g (control) to 138,5g (PV 42-142) and the peel/pulp ratio from 1,6 (control) to 3,9 (‘Prata Zulu’). The fruit size varies from 2,6 cm (control) to 3,59 cm (‘Prata Zulu’) in diameter and 13,6 cm (control) to 19,95 cm (PV 42-142) in length. The peel thickness values varied from 1,7 mm (‘Prata Zulu’) to 4,6 mm (PV42-142), different of control (3,0 mm). The biochemical analysis showed perceptual values 0,36, 0,69 and 0,63 for total titulable acids (ATT) presented in PV 42-68, ‘Ouro da Mata’ and control, respectively. The genotypes YB 42-21, ST 42-08 and ‘Prata’ had 4,53, 4,52 and 4,28 pH values, respectively. The total soluble solids (SST) vary from 24,8 % (control) to 27,4 % (‘Prata Zulu’) and the ATT/SST ratio vary from 38,72 (control) to 67,56 (‘Prata Zulu’). For starch meaning, we did not found variation among ‘Pacovan’, PV 42-68 and ‘Ouro da Mata’, although all of them had highest values than control. Among the evaluated genotypes, PV 42-142, PV 42-68, PV 42-81 and ST 12-31 self showed more attractive to be used for agriculture practice and they can be recommended for the small farms. The results presented are the primer steps for future improvement programs