Diversidade genética, comportamento morfofisiológico e status nutricional de Lecythis pisonis Cambess

• Autor(a) principal: Rosa, Thuanny Lins Monteiro
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7671
• topic: Genetic divergence; Biometry; Selenium; Germination; Image analysis; Sapucaia; Divergência genética; Sapucaia; Biometria; Selênio; Germinação; Análise de imagem; Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal; 630

The sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis Cambess.) is a tree of the family Lecythidaceae, which produces edible, tasty and nutritious nuts, besides having ornamental and logging potential. However, its resources are still underutilized, as it is appreciated and known only in local communities. The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic diversity by means of juvenile characteristics and molecular markers, the morphological and nutritional status of sapucaia nuts. The seeds of the 21 sapucaia matrices were submitted to biometric, chemical and physiological evaluations. The seeds were also submitted to X-rays for the internal study of the seed and determination of the density. For the nutritional status of nuts, selenium, macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) were extracted. We analyzed the phenotypic divergence by means of the heat map of 27 characteristics and molecular, by the ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) marker, by means of 96 primers, of which 13 were selected for the characterization of the bulk samples of the matrices of sapucaia. The dies 5; 8 and 21 are the most phenotypically divergent, mainly by the amount of potassium and phosphorus in matrix 5, manganese in 8 and selenium in 21, however, the others also did not present similarity. The characteristics that contributed the most to the genetic divergence, in descending order, were: Se> TME> Germination> Fe> Emergence. Of the 74 loci produced by the 13 selected primers, 71 were polymorphic, ie 96.7% polymorphism, evidencing high genetic divergence. In the genetic diversity of the sapucaia matrices the percentage of polymorphism found in the 20 samples is high (96.7%). The nuts of the 21 sapucaia matrices did not present toxic levels of selenium, macro and micronutrients. The matrices 8 (175.4 µg g-1 ) and 20 (71.2 µg g-1 ) were selected by the amount of manganese and iron in the nuts, respectively. The content of selenium in the nuts of sapucaia ranged from 0.10 (matrix 11) to 32.40 µg g-1 (matrix 21), and the matrix 21 was selected because it supplied 225 µg of Se, on average, with a recommendation for consumption ¼ of its nuts. The values of density obtained by X- ray image analysis were on average 4% different from those obtained in the laboratory. This new methodology makes it possible to determine the density precisely and faster than conventional. The inferior or hilo region and the upper region, where the protrusion of the primary root and the hypocotyl, respectively, present the interrupted tegument, with density around 0.2 g cm-3 . Sapucaia germination is uneven, slow and reaches a maximum of 63%, with emphasis on matrix 11, with greater vigor.