Dinâmica espaço-temporal da febre amarela silvestre na Mata Atlântica

• Autor(a) principal: Colodetti, Amanda Francischetto
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17311
• topic: Área(s) do conhecimento do documento (Tabela CNPq); ecologia; zoonose; epizootia; emergência de doença; fragmentação do habitat; paisagem; ciclo intermediário; biodiversidade; Flaviviridae; subject.br-rjbn

The emergence of yellow fever in Southeast Brazil at the end of 2016 began the largest epidemiological outbreak in recent decades. Despite having already occurred in Espírito Santo (ES), the state had not recorded any cases for more than half a century. Yellow fever is a virus that has primates as its host and is transmitted by mosquitoes. Both human primates and non-human primates (NHP) are affected, in different transmission cycles. In Brazil, only the wild cycle is currently considered to occur, involving the wild mosquitoes of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes and the PNH of the genera Alouatta, Aotus, Ateles, Callicebus, Callithrix, Saimiri and Sapajus. In this cycle, man is accidentally infected when entering the forest. In this work we analyzed the dynamics of PNH epizootics during the 2016-2018 outbreak in the Atlantic Forest, in a region previously considered free of the disease. In Chapter I we seek to understand the pattern of spatiotemporal dispersion and the participation of PNH in the outbreak, verifying their relationship with the persistence of the outbreak, the occurrence of epizootics in rural and urban areas and the proximity to built-up areas. The initial spread was silent and the epizootics were detected when they were already distributed across a large part of the ES and had even reached the metropolitan region on the coast. Although the transmission cycle is considered wild, epizootics in urban areas represented 36% of the total and were mainly responsible for the persistence of the outbreak. Alouatta guariba was the most affected species and its epizootics occurred mainly in the first epidemic period (Cycle 1) and in rural areas, a pattern also identified for Callicebus personatus and Sapajus nigritus. The genus Callithrix, however, had a third of the epizootics in Cycle 2 and was mainly responsible for the persistence of the outbreak, and this in urban areas, very close to buildings. In Chapter II we analyze the influence of landscape structure on the occurrence of epizootics. Using Generalized Additive Models (GAM) we verified the association between the presence of epizootics and landscape metrics. The spatial dependence between epizootics was more important for the models than landscape characteristics. However, even with the use of five spatial scales, the models obtained were unable to explain the variation in the data, demonstrating that the spatial pattern of the native forest was not sufficient to explain the distribution of epizootics across the landscape and their occurrence was not associated with landscapes fragmented.