De John Wayne a David Beckham - ressignificações das masculinidades: um estudo em representações sociais

• Autor(a) principal: Ceotto, Eduardo Coelho
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9070
• topic: Male aesthetics; Masculinity; Self-care practices; Social representations; Esthétique masculine; Masculinité; Pratiques de soin de soi-même; Représentations sociales; Estética masculina; Práticas de autocuidado; Psicologia; Beleza física (Estética); Homens - Saúde e higiene; Representações sociais; Masculinidade; Cuidados com a beleza; 159.9

Gaining visibility and strength in the twentieth century, the feminist movement has brought several changes with respect to the participation of women in society. These changes, which were initially disdained by men, were consolidated and collected many achievements. Men are then faced with unfamiliar situations, creating difficulties in their relationship with these new women, and causing what masculinity theorists have called ‘the crisis of masculinity’. The history of gender relations based on a patriarchal model favored the construction of a type of hegemonic masculinity, represented by strong man, virile, heterosexual and dominant. In the last decade of the twentieth century, emerges the figure of the metrosexual man, who introduces himself as a man concerned with the aesthetic care and appearance, aiming at maintaining good looks, and coexisting with the traditional standard. Based on the Theory of Social Representations, this study aimed at verifying the presence of aesthetic elements in the representation of masculinity and social practices of young adults. The survey was conducted from three studies: Study 1 aimed to identify and analyze the constitutive elements of the SR of ‘man’, ‘woman’, ‘ideal man’ and ‘ideal woman’ to 192 male university students. Study 2 was a documental research, conducted with an analysis of 44 issues of Men’s Health Brazil magazine (2006-2009) in order to identify and study the elements of the SR of masculinity conveyed in the magazine. Finally, Study 3 was conducted with 384 university students of both sexes to verify the existence of a relationship between practices of beauty care and motivation for male self-care with the SR of the objects ‘ man’ and ‘woman’. Data were analyzed with the following softwares: Alceste, SPAD-T and SPSS v. 18. Evocations were processed through TISCON. Results indicated that the elements of social representations of men and women exhibit hegemonic characteristics, being the man depicted with attributes such as ‘provider’, ‘strong’ and ‘virile’ and the ‘woman’, with characteristics such as ‘caregiver’, ‘caring’ and ‘affectionate’. The SR of ‘ideal man’ are projected on the idea that the man should also be handsome, intelligent, educated and faithful, in addition to the provider. In the documental study, a possible change in the masculinity standard was identified when compared to the hegemonic standard. The SR of masculinity are associated with practices of seduction and beauty, body care and man attuned, where new practices are associated with the idea of men, such as cooking, reading incentives and CDs and DVDs suggestions, aiming at increasing the intellectual standards of the men. Regarding the study of the relationship between SR and practices, although the correlation coefficients were low, results indicate practical motivations for male selfcare. ‘Becoming handsome’ is mentioned by men as the main reason for self-care. Results lead to a general discussion of the relation between representations and practices, indicating that the incorporation of aesthetic practices can generate a new social representation of masculinity, moving away from the hegemonic model.