Aproveitamento da água da chuva para fins não potáveis na cidade de Vitória (ES)

• Autor(a) principal: Annecchini, Karla Ponzo Vaccari
• Data de Publicação: 2005
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/10285
• topic: Engenharia Sanitária; Água - Qualidade; Águas pluviais - Índices; Águas pluviais; Reservatórios; Vitória, Baía de (ES) - Consumo de água; 628

The use of alternative water sources is cited as one of the solutions for the problem of water scarcity. Among the sources, the rainwater harvesting is distinguished, for being one of the simplest and cheapest solutions to preserve drinking water, bringing as another benefit the reduction of the superficial runoff, minimizing the problems with floods. With the necessity and the increasing interest for the rainwater harvesting, this research promoted the characterization of the rainwater in the city of Vitória (ES) and studied its potential of use in urban areas for non potable uses. This research counted on a system of rainwater collection, installed in the Experimental Park of Núcleo Água at UFES. The system composed of metallic roof of 80 m², PVC gutters, self-cleaning filter, first flush device and storage tank, made possible the collection of samples for the rainwater quality verification. An extensive characterization was carried through with the rainwater collected form the harvesting system and with the rainwater collected from the atmosphere, where 22 parameters physical-chemical and microbiological were analyzed. The historical data of rainfall in the city of Vitória was obtained with the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), the water demand to be supplied with the rainwater was quantified and, finally, were used the Method of Rippl, the Interactive Method and the Behavioral Model for sizing the rainwater storage tanks. As result of the characterization, was observed that the water from the atmospheric rain has a good quality, presenting a low index of acidity (11%). It was verified that, after passing for the catchment surface, the rainwater quality became worst, however with the removal of the first rain, the water directed to the storage tank presented good quality, being compatible with non potable uses. The sizing model that resulted in the lower storage volume, without efficiency lost, was the Behavioral Model (YBS – Yield before spillage). The payback of the investment in rainwater harvesting systems occurs slowly, in a period of 8 to 10 years, especially in the case of small residences, mainly because of the low cost of the drinking water.