Ecological risk assessment of mercury to soil fauna in tropical forest, Southeastern, Brazil
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense (RIUFF) |
Texto Completo: | https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/6055 |
Resumo: | Atmospheric pollution by mercury (Hg) is of great concern to all humanity, as its physicochemical characteristics confer this toxic metal ability to travel long distances around the planet. Currently has been observed mainly in industrialized countries, the increasing levels of Hg in the atmosphere arising from anthropogenic sources. Brazil is the seventh country with the highest rate of mercury in the atmosphere. The major input of Hg to ecosystems is through atmospheric deposition (wet and dry), being transported in the atmosphere over large distances. Forest biomes are of great importance in the atmosphere/soil cycling of elemental Hg through foliar uptake and subsequent transfer of this to the soil through litter, playing an important role as sink of this element. The Atlantic Forest of Brazil is a major storehouse of fauna and flora biodiversity, and according to recent studies this biome has high concentrations of mercury in litter, similar to those found in Chinese in Subtropical Forest. Ecotoxicological assessments can predict the potential ecological risk that the toxicity of Hg in the soil can lead to soil fauna and indirectly impact other trophic levels of the food chain within one or more ecosystems. This thesis aimed to determine mercury levels that represent risks to diversity and functioning of soil fauna in tropical forest soils, as a key tool in Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA). Two Forest Conservation Units of the State of Rio de Janeiro were selected for the study. The first is a city Park, located next to chlor-alkalis industries and to an important petroleum refinery in activity since 1961, whereas the second is a national Park located next to a refinery under construction, which will be the largest refinery of Brazil, beginning in 2017. This site represents a forest with lower anthropogenic impacts. In these Units were carried out whole chemistry, environmental and ecological characterisations. Results indicated higher mercury concentrations in litter and soil from the forest close to industrial activities. The presence of Hg in this soil influenced the abundance and diversity of taxonomic groups of soil fauna. Soil properties such as organic matter and pH did interact with the mercury and the organisms, showing the importance of the soil type in ERA. In toxicity tests the reproduction was the endpoint more sensitive for meso and macrofauna in soils spiked with Hg+2. Earthworms showed greater accumulation of mercury in their tissues than in casts. Among the climatic fators evaluated in the laboratory, the increase of temperature (from 20˚ to 24 ˚C) did not influence Hg toxicity to Collembola. However extreme soil moisture conditions increased Hg toxicity to enchytraeids. The lowest observed effect concentration was of 1 mg Hg kg-1 to Collembola, indicating a need for a greater restriction in the levels of mercury load in soil recommended by the CONAMA. Since mercury biomagnification and methylation processes can occur along the food chain. |
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Ecological risk assessment of mercury to soil fauna in tropical forest, Southeastern, BrazilAtlantic ForestAtmospheric mercuryDivalent mercuryTerrestrial ecotoxicologyTrace elementToxicologia ambientalSolo florestalMercúrioElemento-traçoMata AtlânticaProdução intelectualEcotoxicologia terrestreElemento traçoMata AtlânticaMercúrio atmosféricoMercúrio divalenteAtmospheric pollution by mercury (Hg) is of great concern to all humanity, as its physicochemical characteristics confer this toxic metal ability to travel long distances around the planet. Currently has been observed mainly in industrialized countries, the increasing levels of Hg in the atmosphere arising from anthropogenic sources. Brazil is the seventh country with the highest rate of mercury in the atmosphere. The major input of Hg to ecosystems is through atmospheric deposition (wet and dry), being transported in the atmosphere over large distances. Forest biomes are of great importance in the atmosphere/soil cycling of elemental Hg through foliar uptake and subsequent transfer of this to the soil through litter, playing an important role as sink of this element. The Atlantic Forest of Brazil is a major storehouse of fauna and flora biodiversity, and according to recent studies this biome has high concentrations of mercury in litter, similar to those found in Chinese in Subtropical Forest. Ecotoxicological assessments can predict the potential ecological risk that the toxicity of Hg in the soil can lead to soil fauna and indirectly impact other trophic levels of the food chain within one or more ecosystems. This thesis aimed to determine mercury levels that represent risks to diversity and functioning of soil fauna in tropical forest soils, as a key tool in Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA). Two Forest Conservation Units of the State of Rio de Janeiro were selected for the study. The first is a city Park, located next to chlor-alkalis industries and to an important petroleum refinery in activity since 1961, whereas the second is a national Park located next to a refinery under construction, which will be the largest refinery of Brazil, beginning in 2017. This site represents a forest with lower anthropogenic impacts. In these Units were carried out whole chemistry, environmental and ecological characterisations. Results indicated higher mercury concentrations in litter and soil from the forest close to industrial activities. The presence of Hg in this soil influenced the abundance and diversity of taxonomic groups of soil fauna. Soil properties such as organic matter and pH did interact with the mercury and the organisms, showing the importance of the soil type in ERA. In toxicity tests the reproduction was the endpoint more sensitive for meso and macrofauna in soils spiked with Hg+2. Earthworms showed greater accumulation of mercury in their tissues than in casts. Among the climatic fators evaluated in the laboratory, the increase of temperature (from 20˚ to 24 ˚C) did not influence Hg toxicity to Collembola. However extreme soil moisture conditions increased Hg toxicity to enchytraeids. The lowest observed effect concentration was of 1 mg Hg kg-1 to Collembola, indicating a need for a greater restriction in the levels of mercury load in soil recommended by the CONAMA. Since mercury biomagnification and methylation processes can occur along the food chain.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroA poluição atmosférica por mercúrio (Hg) é de grande preocupação para toda a humanidade, pois suas características físico-químicas conferem a este elemento-traço a capacidade de percorrer longas distâncias ao redor do planeta. Atualmente têm sido observados níveis crescentes de Hg na atmosfera provenientes de fontes antropogênicas, principalmente em países industrializados. O Brasil é o sétimo país com a maior concentração de mercúrio na atmosfera. A principal entrada de Hg para os ecossistemas é através da deposição atmosférica (úmida e seca). Os biomas florestais são de grande importância na ciclagem do mercúrio elementar na interface atmosfera/solo, através da captação foliar e posterior transferência deste elemento da serapilheira para o solo. No Brasil, a Mata Atlântica abriga uma enorme riqueza de biodiversidade de fauna e flora. Estudos recentes neste bioma revelam altas concentrações de mercúrio na serapilheira, sendo semelhantemente as concentrações encontradas em Floresta Subtropical na China. Avaliações ecotoxicológicas podem predizer o potencial risco ecológico da toxicidade do Hg no solo e os efeitos que podem acarretar na fauna e nos outros níveis tróficos da cadeia alimentar dentro de um ou mais ecossistemas. Esta tese objetivou determinar os níveis de mercúrio que representam riscos à diversidade e funcionamento da fauna em solos tropicais, para ser utilizado como ferramenta chave na Avaliação do Risco Ecológico (ERA). Duas unidades de conservação florestal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro foram selecionadas para o estudo. A primeira é um Parque Estadual, localizado próximo às indústrias de cloro-álcalis, papéis e de uma grande refinaria de petróleo em atividade desde 1961. A segunda é um Parque Nacional com menores interferências antrópicas, entretanto localizado próximo a uma refinaria ainda em construção (com previsão de inicio de atividades para 2017), a qual será a maior refinaria do Brasil. Nessas unidades florestais foram realizadas caracterizações químicas, ambientais e ecológicas. Os resultados indicaram maiores concentrações de mercúrio na serapilheira e nos solos florestais das áreas com maior proximidade de atividades industriais. A presença de Hg neste solo influenciou a abundância e a diversidade de grupos taxonômicos da fauna do solo. Propriedades do solo como matéria orgânica e pH interagiram com o mercúrio e os organismos, mostrando a importância do tipo de solo em ERA. Em testes de toxicidade, a reprodução foi o parâmetro mais sensível para meso e macrofauna em solos contaminados com Hg+2. As minhocas mostraram maior acúmulo de mercúrio em seus tecidos que em coprólitos. Entre os fatores climáticos avaliados em laboratório, o aumento da temperatura (de 20˚ a 24˚C) não influenciou a toxicidade de Hg para os colêmbolos. Contudo, condições extremas de umidade do solo aumentaram a toxicidade do Hg para os enquitreídeos. A menor concentração de efeito observado foi de 1 mg Hg kg-1 para Collembola, indicando a necessidade de maior restrição nas concentrações limitantes de mercúrio no solo recomendada pelo CONAMA, uma vez que os processos de biomagnificação e metilação do mercúrio podem ocorrer ao longo da cadeia alimentar.NiteróiSilva Filho, Emmanoel Vieira daBrown, George GardnerSantos, Elisamara SabadiniBidone, Edson DausackerBarrocas, Paulo Rubens GuimarãesCorreia, Maria Elizabeth FernandesBuch, Andressa Cristhy2018-04-03T15:46:23Z2018-04-03T15:46:23Z2017info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttps://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/6055Aluno de DoutoradoCC-BY-SAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessengreponame:Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense (RIUFF)instname:Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF)instacron:UFF2022-06-13T17:41:18Zoai:app.uff.br:1/6055Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://app.uff.br/oai/requestriuff@id.uff.bropendoar:21202022-06-13T17:41:18Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense (RIUFF) - Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Ecological risk assessment of mercury to soil fauna in tropical forest, Southeastern, Brazil |
title |
Ecological risk assessment of mercury to soil fauna in tropical forest, Southeastern, Brazil |
spellingShingle |
Ecological risk assessment of mercury to soil fauna in tropical forest, Southeastern, Brazil Buch, Andressa Cristhy Atlantic Forest Atmospheric mercury Divalent mercury Terrestrial ecotoxicology Trace element Toxicologia ambiental Solo florestal Mercúrio Elemento-traço Mata Atlântica Produção intelectual Ecotoxicologia terrestre Elemento traço Mata Atlântica Mercúrio atmosférico Mercúrio divalente |
title_short |
Ecological risk assessment of mercury to soil fauna in tropical forest, Southeastern, Brazil |
title_full |
Ecological risk assessment of mercury to soil fauna in tropical forest, Southeastern, Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Ecological risk assessment of mercury to soil fauna in tropical forest, Southeastern, Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ecological risk assessment of mercury to soil fauna in tropical forest, Southeastern, Brazil |
title_sort |
Ecological risk assessment of mercury to soil fauna in tropical forest, Southeastern, Brazil |
author |
Buch, Andressa Cristhy |
author_facet |
Buch, Andressa Cristhy |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Silva Filho, Emmanoel Vieira da Brown, George Gardner Santos, Elisamara Sabadini Bidone, Edson Dausacker Barrocas, Paulo Rubens Guimarães Correia, Maria Elizabeth Fernandes |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Buch, Andressa Cristhy |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Atlantic Forest Atmospheric mercury Divalent mercury Terrestrial ecotoxicology Trace element Toxicologia ambiental Solo florestal Mercúrio Elemento-traço Mata Atlântica Produção intelectual Ecotoxicologia terrestre Elemento traço Mata Atlântica Mercúrio atmosférico Mercúrio divalente |
topic |
Atlantic Forest Atmospheric mercury Divalent mercury Terrestrial ecotoxicology Trace element Toxicologia ambiental Solo florestal Mercúrio Elemento-traço Mata Atlântica Produção intelectual Ecotoxicologia terrestre Elemento traço Mata Atlântica Mercúrio atmosférico Mercúrio divalente |
description |
Atmospheric pollution by mercury (Hg) is of great concern to all humanity, as its physicochemical characteristics confer this toxic metal ability to travel long distances around the planet. Currently has been observed mainly in industrialized countries, the increasing levels of Hg in the atmosphere arising from anthropogenic sources. Brazil is the seventh country with the highest rate of mercury in the atmosphere. The major input of Hg to ecosystems is through atmospheric deposition (wet and dry), being transported in the atmosphere over large distances. Forest biomes are of great importance in the atmosphere/soil cycling of elemental Hg through foliar uptake and subsequent transfer of this to the soil through litter, playing an important role as sink of this element. The Atlantic Forest of Brazil is a major storehouse of fauna and flora biodiversity, and according to recent studies this biome has high concentrations of mercury in litter, similar to those found in Chinese in Subtropical Forest. Ecotoxicological assessments can predict the potential ecological risk that the toxicity of Hg in the soil can lead to soil fauna and indirectly impact other trophic levels of the food chain within one or more ecosystems. This thesis aimed to determine mercury levels that represent risks to diversity and functioning of soil fauna in tropical forest soils, as a key tool in Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA). Two Forest Conservation Units of the State of Rio de Janeiro were selected for the study. The first is a city Park, located next to chlor-alkalis industries and to an important petroleum refinery in activity since 1961, whereas the second is a national Park located next to a refinery under construction, which will be the largest refinery of Brazil, beginning in 2017. This site represents a forest with lower anthropogenic impacts. In these Units were carried out whole chemistry, environmental and ecological characterisations. Results indicated higher mercury concentrations in litter and soil from the forest close to industrial activities. The presence of Hg in this soil influenced the abundance and diversity of taxonomic groups of soil fauna. Soil properties such as organic matter and pH did interact with the mercury and the organisms, showing the importance of the soil type in ERA. In toxicity tests the reproduction was the endpoint more sensitive for meso and macrofauna in soils spiked with Hg+2. Earthworms showed greater accumulation of mercury in their tissues than in casts. Among the climatic fators evaluated in the laboratory, the increase of temperature (from 20˚ to 24 ˚C) did not influence Hg toxicity to Collembola. However extreme soil moisture conditions increased Hg toxicity to enchytraeids. The lowest observed effect concentration was of 1 mg Hg kg-1 to Collembola, indicating a need for a greater restriction in the levels of mercury load in soil recommended by the CONAMA. Since mercury biomagnification and methylation processes can occur along the food chain. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017 2018-04-03T15:46:23Z 2018-04-03T15:46:23Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/6055 Aluno de Doutorado |
url |
https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/6055 |
identifier_str_mv |
Aluno de Doutorado |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
CC-BY-SA info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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CC-BY-SA |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Niterói |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Niterói |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense (RIUFF) instname:Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) instacron:UFF |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) |
instacron_str |
UFF |
institution |
UFF |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense (RIUFF) |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense (RIUFF) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense (RIUFF) - Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
riuff@id.uff.br |
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1807838718865702912 |