Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2014 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFG |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7760 |
Resumo: | This dissertation aims to verify the hypothesis of Chantal Mouffe - inspired by Carl Schmitt’s – that liberalism denies the political (the antithesis 'friend-enemy') and that liberal language of rights (the legal instrumental, based on courts and jurisprudence) would have overlapped and would be against the language of virtue and positive freedom, a fact that could be, paradoxically, an obstacle to the effective realization of human rights, mainly economic, social and cultural ones. The research was entirely bibliographical, adopting the hypothetical-deductive method and the thoughts of Leo Strauss and Bruno Latour as theoretical frameworks. It has come to a conclusion that liberalism does not necessarily deny the political, but it only disguises its political goals. It was asserted, with Strauss, that the statement of the political by Schmitt is something contradictory and analogous to liberalism itself, because the one who states the political, respecting all the ones willing to fight, regardless the reason they struggle, it’s not different from a liberal who respects all political opinions as long as they recognize the legal order and peace as minimum State goals. Thus the political in Schmitt is not simply the "seriousness of life" (the fear of death), but also the undecidable epistemological character of spiritual life, which antinomies were first detected in modernity. Next, and from the critical reassessment made by Latour of the positive legacies of modernity, it was concluded that the inventions of the individual and of the subject of rights due to modernity allowed the rise, not only of liberalism but also of democracy, contradicting what was supported by Mouffe. Later, despite her advantageous agonistic politics proposal, which upholds that democracy traces are its conflictive character and the impossibility of rational final consensus, it was observed that Mouffe falls into the same Schmitt’s contradiction already abovementioned. Besides that, Mouffe is also wrong in not offering a minimum and necessarily consensual substratum to achieve the equality project and, principally, by wanting to eliminate the epistemological project of modernity, since she ignores that it was this project itself, despite its paradoxes, which engendered democracy and liberalism. Thus, having Latour as a reference, it was inferred that rather than eliminate the modern epistemological project, it would be better to correct it, avoiding its meliorism doctrine and its dogmatic arrogance and becoming visible the modern mechanism of mixing nature and culture elements, which would be mediated by a democracy "extended to things." Finally, analyzing the judicialization of politics and the struggle for human rights in the twentieth century in the United States and Brazil, it was demonstrated that the combination of "current people" of democracy and the "perpetual people" of constitutionalism does not indicate the subjugation of the democratic project by liberal legal language, a fact which, therefore, does not corroborate the initial research hypothesis. In conclusion and taking into account the need to reinvigorate the democratic project in order to really promote political autonomy, it was supported the right to a universal basic income. |
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Gonçalves neto, João da Cruzhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6257334752072083Gonçalves Neto, João da Cruzhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6257334752072083Kozick, KatyaSugizaki, EduardoSantos Neto, Arnaldo Bastoshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6027669602797160Rodrigues, Daniel dos Santos2017-09-19T13:38:00Z2014-11-24RODRIGUES, Daniel dos Santos. Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe. 2014. 131 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Direitos Humanos) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7760ark:/38995/00130000010qmThis dissertation aims to verify the hypothesis of Chantal Mouffe - inspired by Carl Schmitt’s – that liberalism denies the political (the antithesis 'friend-enemy') and that liberal language of rights (the legal instrumental, based on courts and jurisprudence) would have overlapped and would be against the language of virtue and positive freedom, a fact that could be, paradoxically, an obstacle to the effective realization of human rights, mainly economic, social and cultural ones. The research was entirely bibliographical, adopting the hypothetical-deductive method and the thoughts of Leo Strauss and Bruno Latour as theoretical frameworks. It has come to a conclusion that liberalism does not necessarily deny the political, but it only disguises its political goals. It was asserted, with Strauss, that the statement of the political by Schmitt is something contradictory and analogous to liberalism itself, because the one who states the political, respecting all the ones willing to fight, regardless the reason they struggle, it’s not different from a liberal who respects all political opinions as long as they recognize the legal order and peace as minimum State goals. Thus the political in Schmitt is not simply the "seriousness of life" (the fear of death), but also the undecidable epistemological character of spiritual life, which antinomies were first detected in modernity. Next, and from the critical reassessment made by Latour of the positive legacies of modernity, it was concluded that the inventions of the individual and of the subject of rights due to modernity allowed the rise, not only of liberalism but also of democracy, contradicting what was supported by Mouffe. Later, despite her advantageous agonistic politics proposal, which upholds that democracy traces are its conflictive character and the impossibility of rational final consensus, it was observed that Mouffe falls into the same Schmitt’s contradiction already abovementioned. Besides that, Mouffe is also wrong in not offering a minimum and necessarily consensual substratum to achieve the equality project and, principally, by wanting to eliminate the epistemological project of modernity, since she ignores that it was this project itself, despite its paradoxes, which engendered democracy and liberalism. Thus, having Latour as a reference, it was inferred that rather than eliminate the modern epistemological project, it would be better to correct it, avoiding its meliorism doctrine and its dogmatic arrogance and becoming visible the modern mechanism of mixing nature and culture elements, which would be mediated by a democracy "extended to things." Finally, analyzing the judicialization of politics and the struggle for human rights in the twentieth century in the United States and Brazil, it was demonstrated that the combination of "current people" of democracy and the "perpetual people" of constitutionalism does not indicate the subjugation of the democratic project by liberal legal language, a fact which, therefore, does not corroborate the initial research hypothesis. In conclusion and taking into account the need to reinvigorate the democratic project in order to really promote political autonomy, it was supported the right to a universal basic income.No presente estudo, foram verificadas as hipóteses retiradas do pensamento de Chantal Mouffe – por, sua vez, inspirada em Carl Schmitt – de que o liberalismo negaria o político (a antítese ‘amigo-inimigo’) e de que a linguagem liberal dos direitos (o instrumental jurídico, calcado nos tribunais e na jurisprudência) teria se sobreposto e seria contrária à linguagem da virtude e à liberdade positiva, fato este que poderia ser, paradoxalmente, um obstáculo à efetiva concretização dos direitos humanos, especialmente os sociais prestacionais. A pesquisa foi inteiramente bibliográfica, tendo sido adotados o método hipotético-dedutivo e os pensamentos de Leo Strauss e de Bruno Latour como marcos teóricos. Compreendeu-se que o liberalismo não nega necessariamente o político, mas apenas disfarça seus fins políticos. Asseverou-se, com Strauss, que a afirmação do político por Schmitt é algo contraditório e análogo ao próprio liberalismo. Isso porque aquele que afirma o conceito schmittiano sobre o político, respeitando todos os que desejam lutar, independentemente por qual motivo lutam, não difere de um liberal, que respeita todas as opiniões políticas desde que elas reconheçam a ordem jurídica e a paz como objetivos mínimos do Estado. Assim, registrou-se que o político em Schmitt não representa simplesmente a “seriedade da vida” (o medo da morte), mas, igualmente, o caráter epistemológico indecidível da vida espiritual, cujas antinomias começamos a visualizar na modernidade. A seguir, e a partir da reavaliação crítica feita por Latour dos legados positivos da modernidade, concluiu-se que as invenções do indivíduo e do sujeito de direito pela modernidade permitiram o surgimento não somente do liberalismo, mas também da democracia, diferentemente do que sustentado é por Mouffe. Posteriormente, não obstante a profícua proposta de política agonística, defendendo que as marcas da democracia são a conflituosidade e a impossibilidade última de consensos racionais, registrou-se que Mouffe cai na mesma contradição de Schmitt vista acima. Além disso, a autora também erra ao não oferecer um substrato mínimo e necessariamente consensual para a consecução de um projeto de igualdade e, principalmente, ao querer eliminar o projeto epistemológico da modernidade, pois desconsidera que foi este projeto, apesar de seus paradoxos, que engendrou a democracia e o liberalismo. Assim, tendo Latour como referência, depreendeu-se que, ao invés da eliminação do projeto epistemológico moderno, melhor se faz sua correção, afastando-se a doutrina meliorista e sua arrogância dogmática e tornando-se visível o mecanismo da modernidade de mistura entre natureza e cultura, o qual passaria a ser mediado por uma democracia “estendida às coisas”. Finalmente, analisando-se a judicialização da política e as lutas pelos direitos humanos no século XX nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil, demonstrou-se que combinação entre o “povo atual” da democracia e o “povo perpétuo” do constitucionalismo não indica a subjugação do projeto democrático pela linguagem jurídica liberal, não se verificando, portanto, a hipótese inicial da pesquisa. Em conclusão, e em vista da necessidade de se revigorar o projeto democrático e, assim, promover de fato a autonomia política, defendeu-se criação do direito a uma renda mínima universal.Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-11T19:53:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniel dos Santos Rodrigues - 2014.pdf: 1803962 bytes, checksum: ea6f58bcd2611e5fd63f3cad7feef65f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-19T13:37:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniel dos Santos Rodrigues - 2014.pdf: 1803962 bytes, checksum: ea6f58bcd2611e5fd63f3cad7feef65f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T13:38:00Z (GMT). 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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Human rights and democracy in the light of criticism of Carl Schmitt and Chantal Mouffe's liberalism |
title |
Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe |
spellingShingle |
Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe Rodrigues, Daniel dos Santos Política Direitos humanos Democracia Modernidade Liberalismo Politics Human rights Democracy Modernity Liberalism CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO |
title_short |
Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe |
title_full |
Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe |
title_fullStr |
Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe |
title_full_unstemmed |
Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe |
title_sort |
Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe |
author |
Rodrigues, Daniel dos Santos |
author_facet |
Rodrigues, Daniel dos Santos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Gonçalves neto, João da Cruz |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257334752072083 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Gonçalves Neto, João da Cruz |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257334752072083 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Kozick, Katya |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Sugizaki, Eduardo |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Santos Neto, Arnaldo Bastos |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6027669602797160 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Rodrigues, Daniel dos Santos |
contributor_str_mv |
Gonçalves neto, João da Cruz Gonçalves Neto, João da Cruz Kozick, Katya Sugizaki, Eduardo Santos Neto, Arnaldo Bastos |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Política Direitos humanos Democracia Modernidade Liberalismo |
topic |
Política Direitos humanos Democracia Modernidade Liberalismo Politics Human rights Democracy Modernity Liberalism CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Politics Human rights Democracy Modernity Liberalism |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO |
description |
This dissertation aims to verify the hypothesis of Chantal Mouffe - inspired by Carl Schmitt’s – that liberalism denies the political (the antithesis 'friend-enemy') and that liberal language of rights (the legal instrumental, based on courts and jurisprudence) would have overlapped and would be against the language of virtue and positive freedom, a fact that could be, paradoxically, an obstacle to the effective realization of human rights, mainly economic, social and cultural ones. The research was entirely bibliographical, adopting the hypothetical-deductive method and the thoughts of Leo Strauss and Bruno Latour as theoretical frameworks. It has come to a conclusion that liberalism does not necessarily deny the political, but it only disguises its political goals. It was asserted, with Strauss, that the statement of the political by Schmitt is something contradictory and analogous to liberalism itself, because the one who states the political, respecting all the ones willing to fight, regardless the reason they struggle, it’s not different from a liberal who respects all political opinions as long as they recognize the legal order and peace as minimum State goals. Thus the political in Schmitt is not simply the "seriousness of life" (the fear of death), but also the undecidable epistemological character of spiritual life, which antinomies were first detected in modernity. Next, and from the critical reassessment made by Latour of the positive legacies of modernity, it was concluded that the inventions of the individual and of the subject of rights due to modernity allowed the rise, not only of liberalism but also of democracy, contradicting what was supported by Mouffe. Later, despite her advantageous agonistic politics proposal, which upholds that democracy traces are its conflictive character and the impossibility of rational final consensus, it was observed that Mouffe falls into the same Schmitt’s contradiction already abovementioned. Besides that, Mouffe is also wrong in not offering a minimum and necessarily consensual substratum to achieve the equality project and, principally, by wanting to eliminate the epistemological project of modernity, since she ignores that it was this project itself, despite its paradoxes, which engendered democracy and liberalism. Thus, having Latour as a reference, it was inferred that rather than eliminate the modern epistemological project, it would be better to correct it, avoiding its meliorism doctrine and its dogmatic arrogance and becoming visible the modern mechanism of mixing nature and culture elements, which would be mediated by a democracy "extended to things." Finally, analyzing the judicialization of politics and the struggle for human rights in the twentieth century in the United States and Brazil, it was demonstrated that the combination of "current people" of democracy and the "perpetual people" of constitutionalism does not indicate the subjugation of the democratic project by liberal legal language, a fact which, therefore, does not corroborate the initial research hypothesis. In conclusion and taking into account the need to reinvigorate the democratic project in order to really promote political autonomy, it was supported the right to a universal basic income. |
publishDate |
2014 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2014-11-24 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2017-09-19T13:38:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
RODRIGUES, Daniel dos Santos. Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe. 2014. 131 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Direitos Humanos) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7760 |
dc.identifier.dark.fl_str_mv |
ark:/38995/00130000010qm |
identifier_str_mv |
RODRIGUES, Daniel dos Santos. Direitos humanos e democracia à luz das críticas ao liberalismo de Carl Schmitt e de Chantal Mouffe. 2014. 131 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Direitos Humanos) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014. ark:/38995/00130000010qm |
url |
http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7760 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.eng.fl_str_mv |
Embargada pelo autor/orientador em 23/01/2015. Autorizado o povoamento pelo autor/orientador em 11/09/2017. |
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2804041811745128369 |
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Universidade Federal de Goiás |
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Programa de Pós-graduação em Direitos Humanos (PRPG) |
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UFG |
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Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Pró-Reitoria de Pós-graduação (PRPG) |
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Universidade Federal de Goiás |
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