Hibridização in situ por fluorescência: análise histórica, inovações e perspectivas

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Thainá Ferreira
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/12368
• topic: FISH; Citogenética molecular; Genética vegetal; Revisão sistemática; FISH; Molecular cytogenetics; Plant genetics; Systematic review; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that is based on the use of fluorescence-labeled probes to identify different regions in the genome. From the improvement and development of new technologies, variations of the original technique emerged making it possible to apply it to various issues, from identifying chromosomes through descriptive cytogenetics to making evolutionary inferences or conducting applied research in biotechnology and genetic improvement. Considering the great possibility of applications of the FISH technique and its variations, the present work aims to detail the methodological principles and applications, with emphasis on plants, and to investigate its use in evolutionary studies. For this, the first chapter is a manuscript for the dissemination and popularization of science that aims to discuss the various possibilities of using the FISH technique, ranging from its methodological principles to applications in different areas. From this study, it was verified that FISH can be applied to different biological materials and regions of the genome and, despite being a technique developed for more than three decades, it can generate impacts and contributions through its wide use until today. The second chapter is a systematic review, whose main objective is to summarize and critically analyze the data available in the literature on the applications of FISH for the cytogenetic study in plants, in addition to detailing and discussing the applications of this technique for evolutionary studies in plants. This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was carried out in the Scopus database and the keywords were directed to capture the breadth of the use of the FISH technique aimed at the cytogenetic study of plants. In order to investigate the applications of this technique, the articles found were grouped into different categories, called “Plant Biotechnology”, “Evolutionary Studies”, “Descriptive”, “Techniques/Methodological” and “Gene Expression”. A total of 4006 articles were selected that showed a trend of growth in the number of publications between the years 1975 - 2020. China and the USA concentrated the largest number of articles and Brazil was in 8th position. The analysis of the most used keywords in the articles made it possible to trace a small history of the technique, ranging from the beginning of indirect labeling in plant species, passing through the advances of FISH and its variations, to the use of oligo-synthetic probes today. The categories “Plant Biotechnology” and “Evolutionary Studies” represented more than 60% of the total works, with emphasis on the use of GISH and FISH techniques with repetitive DNA probes and indirect labeling. The Poaceae family stood out in the studies of "Plant Biotechnology" and Leguminosae and Asteraceae were mostly found in the category of "Evolutionary Studies", “Comparative analysis” and “Systems and cytotaxonomy.” Thus, the understanding of the technique, the synthesis and measurement of data and the evolutionary path elaborated in this study allowed the theoretical basis about the versatility of the technique and its use today. demonstrate the main contributions of FISH directed to studies with plants, highlighting the regions of research concentration, variations of the technique, main types of studies and botanical families, as well as contributing to answering different evolutionary questions.