Perfil fenotípico e genotípico de enterobactérias resistentes aos beta-lactâmicos

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Andressa Liberal
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8780
• topic: β-lactâmicos; Enterobactérias; Genes; Plasmídio; Resistência; β-lactams; Enterobacteria; Genes; Plasmid and resistance; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::MICROBIOLOGIA

Enterobacteria are microorganisms involved with bacteria and the health of women with care. Treatment of bacterial infections is most often done with the use of antibiotics and one of the major classes of antimicrobials is one of the β-lactams. Among the main mechanisms of resistance to the observational β-lactam antibiotics: alteration of the antimicrobial target; alteration of β-lactam permeability; Flow pumps and the entry of enzymatic signals that destroy the β-lactate totally or with the development of an alternative metabolic pathway. These enzymes are known as beta-lactamases and are encoded by specific genes. Thus, the objective of this study was to correlate the resistance profile of enterobacteria, using phenotype methodologies and identifying 14 genes that encode as beta-lactamase enzymes: blaOXA genes; blaIMP; blaNDM; blaSME; blaDHA; blaCMY, blaTEM, blaKPC, blaSPM, blaCTX-M, blaVIM, blaSIM, blaGim and blaSHV. The phenotypic methodologies used were the Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test for Disk-Diffusion (antibiogram), and complementary tests for the detection of resistance mechanisms of beta-lactamases (ESBL, MBL, AmpC and Carbapenemase). The molecular methodology used was Real Time PCR using the Sybr Green system. Among the results found in the tests it was observed that 74.28% were resistant to ampicillin, 34.28% were resistant to aztreonam, 62.85% were resistant to amoxicillin associated with clavalunate, 51.42% were resistant to ceftazidime, 41 , 42% were resistant to cefoxitin, 54.28% were resistant to cefazolin, 44.28% were resistant to cefepime, 41.42% were resistant to cefuroxime, 8.57% were resistant to cefuroxime, 35.71% were resistant an imipenem and 41.42% were resistant to piperacillin associated with tazobactam. Among the total samples, the mechanism of resistance that presented the highest expression was ESBL (17.14%). The genes studied that were detected in a greater number of genera were blaGIM and blaSIM (66.66% of the samples). The gene that was amplified in a smaller number of samples was blaVIM (16.66%). It is concluded that although there is a low correlation between the methodologies analyzed, the levels of antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteria are high and worrying, and a way to minimize the accelerated emergence of resistance includes the development or improvement of techniques that generate diagnoses with high efficiency and speed.