Produção de hidrogênio a partir de efluente do processo de fabricação de biodiesel

• Autor(a) principal: Teixeira, Isabela Rodrigues
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/12736
• topic: Hidrogênio; Gás de síntese; Água supercrítica; Glicerol; Biodiesel; Hydrogen; Synthesis gas; Supercritical water;; Glycerol; CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA::QUIMICA ANALITICA::ANALISE DE TRACOS E QUIMICA AMBIENTAL

The growing energy demand witnessed stems from the way industrial production processes developed from 1970 onwards with the so-called new industrial revolution. This high demand provoked an escalation in the production of fuels, having been supplied, since then, mainly by fossil fuels. The use of this type of energy source results in the emission of compounds into the atmosphere such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and other gases that, if released in large quantities, cause environmental imbalances such as the global warming. Such a scenario reveals the need for an energy transition. The gradual transition from carbon-based fuels to low or no-emissions would contain a likely energy crisis. Recent studies indicate that hydrogen (H2) has great potential as one of the sources capable of complementing the high demand, being a source of clean and sustainable energy. As a result, the treatment of industrial waste aimed at transforming it into clean energy has been quite attractive, since in addition to generating a by-product of great economic value, it also reduces the problem of final disposal. Thus, the present work aims to evaluate the production of H2 from the effluent of the biodiesel industry in a medium containing water under supercritical conditions in a continuous flow reactor, verifying the effect of temperature and feed flow variation on the production of hydrogen and/or synthesis gas generated by the process, performing statistical planning in order to optimize the production of H2 through the Central Composite Design (CCD). The independent variables analyzed were the Feed Flow (Qa) and the Temperature (T) with the temperature varying between 500 and 700 °C and the feed flow between 10 and 25 mL/min. Hydrogen represented the highest percentage among the gases generated in the process, the best condition indicated a percentagem (molar fraction) for H2 of 73.86%, for a temperature of 700°C. Proportionally, the second highest generation gas was CO2, with the highest percentage of 22.39% for a temperature of 529°C. The highest value for gas flow was 5540.80 mL/min (T of 700ºC and Qa of 17.55 mL/min). The response variable studied statistically was the average gas flow (mL/min) compared to the H2 flow (mL/min). The analyses indicated a significant increase in the generation of H2 and gasification of the sample with the increase in temperature, while the feed flow did expressed less influence in relation to the analyzed ranges, but showed a tendency to increase the production of H2 for higher feed flow values. To verify the efficiency of the treatment of the effluent in the supercritical environment, the load of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and other parameters of the raw effluent were compared with the reduction of these after-treatment. The raw effluent sample that initially had a TOC load of 48250.0 mgC/L, after being subjected to treatment via the supercritical process, showed a greater TOC reduction of 82.62% for test 2, with a Qa of 12. 25 mL/min and temperature of 671°C, in addition to significant reductions in the analyzed parameters, in compliance with national environmental legislation, showing that the process using biodiesel industrial effluent as raw material is efficient for the production of hydrogen and also for its treatment. The use of a homogeneous catalyst based on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in order to intensify treatment for removal of TOC showed an improvement in the removal of the organic load of 4.13%.