O testemunho na poesia de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen: aproximações entre ética e estética

• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, Samuel Caetano Costa
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/12097
• topic: Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen; Poesia; Testemunho; Ética; Estética; Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen; Poetry; Testimony; Ethics; Aesthetics; LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LETRAS::LINGUA PORTUGUESA

This Master thesis is focused on Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen’s poetry. Its main corpus includes poems from four lyrical works written in the 1960s and 1970s – Livro sexto (1962), Geografia (1967), Dual (1972) and O nome das coisas (1977) –, without neglecting other books, dispersed and unpublished poetry and the important anthology Grades (1970). The poems selected in this thesis, a remarkable and popular part of Andresen’s writings, are usually read as social or engaged poetry, which part of her critics understand as Andresen’s concessions to the political context she lived in. In this study, however, it was proposed, as a general objective, this poetry’s examination linked to the testimonial literature’s perspective, which consists of a literature that aims to prevent the recurrence of atrocious events the writers have witnessed more than carrying out just a present time’s engaged denunciations. Therefore, we conceive that Andresen uses a poetic memory of both a better possible world and Portuguese authoritarianism’s social ills; we also recognize, in this poetry which thematizes horror, what Seligmann-Silva (2005) conceptualizes as “testimonial content” (“teor testemunhal”). As specific objectives, we intended to: (1) present and contextualize Andresen's work in 20th century Portugal; (2) examine Andresen’s work with the support of testimonial perspective’s basic categories (such as testimony, memory, violence and forgetfulness); and finally to (3) investigate the implicit links between the ethical and aesthetic postures in the author’s poetry. Methodologically, we pursued a bibliographic investigation. Successively, we read Andresen’s literature, selected her most relevant poems, reviewed testimony’s theory and the poet’s literary criticism, and only then did we dedicate ourselves to the poems analysis. That being said, this thesis is divided into three chapters. The first one is the historicalbiographical panorama which justifies the importance of politics for Andresen both poet and activist, in addition to observing her lyrical publications and their critical reception. This same chapter summarizes how the testimonial categories have been thought by Andresen's critics, highlighting the following studies: Machado (2012a), Pereira (2003), Nahas (2015) and Soares (2015). Going further, the second chapter critically analyzes those testimonial categories first based on theoretical frameworks (Benjamin (2012), Gagnebin (2009), Levi (1988, 2016) and Seligmann-Silva (2002, 2003, 2005), for instance) and also based on the Poetics (“Artes Poéticas”) Andresen wrote. The third chapter is the thesis’ culminating point and it analyzes Andresen’s lyrical production. This chapter highlights the formal resources and thematic approaches that the poet uses in her ethical-aesthetic project’s construction with testimonial content, such as circumstantial markers, concrete nouns, lyrical self’s repositioning, in addition to themes such as the poet’s role, death, exile, etc. We conclude that the testimonial content’s investigation is viable in Andresen’s poetry and reveals little explored facets of her lyrical writings, always connected with the necessary union between ethics and aesthetics as an inseparable binomial.