Floresta no cerrado? Dinâmica espacial da eucaliptocultura no sudoeste de Goiás

• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Marluce Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/0013000001pc4
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8830
• topic: Eucalipto; Dinâmica espacial; Sudoeste de Goiás; Áreas marginais; Eucalyptus; Spatial dynamics; Southwest of Goiás; Marginal areas; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA

Eucalyptus cultivation is an expanding activity in the world and in Brazil, permeated by controversial debates, which reached Southwest of Goiás in the 1980s, but expanded from the 2000s, constituting true "forest" landscapes in the Cerrado. This work aimed to understand the spatial dynamics of eucalyptus culture in the Southwest of Goiás, assuming that the activity is complementary in the productive space circuit of grains and meats, consolidated in the region, and that its regional expansion occurred in marginal areas. The appreciation of eucalyptus cultivation in various parts of the world and Brazil allowed us to identify the main variables of its spatial dynamics, namely, the actors, the technical system, the purposes of production and the inherited space. The spatial analysis of the activity in the Southwest of Goiás was based on the interpretation of the actions of the actors, protagonists and supportings, that produce for a certain purpose of production, conducting diverse technical systems, on the different portions of the regional inherited space. Several combinations of these elements of analysis resulted in the spatialization of spatial arrangements that, dialectically, promoted the reconfiguration of the inherited space. The results of this analysis indicate that the grain and meat agroindustries located in Rio Verde started and expanded eucalyptus cultivation for their energy supply, around their units, usually in marginal areas, promoting socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Availability of credit for the implantation of "forests", expectation of increased demand and high price of firewood encouraged small, medium and large producers to plant eucalyptus in other municipalities, starting in 2005, such as Jataí, Serranópolis, Mineiros and Santa Rita do Araguaia, where the eucalyptus trees replaced extensive pastures, therefore, areas underutilized or marginalized by the dominant productive process. The physical characteristics of these areas, especially the sandy soils, give them ecological dynamics vulnerable to intensive agricultural production. When conducted under recommended management, the eucalyptus allowed the productive diversification of agricultural establishments and are indicated for use and recovery of areas with low agricultural potential. However, when submitted to inadequate management, eucalyptus presents exposed soil, reduced fertility and soil organic matter in marginal areas. The spatialization of eucalyptus cultivation also promoted financial valorization, subordinate and complementary insertion in the regional production and cooptation by the productive andfinancial capital of the marginal areas, reconfiguring these portions of the inherited space. However, the increase in planted area, including the largest consumer agroindustries, resulted in an increase in the production of firewood, the main product of the eucalyptus plantations in the Southwest of Goiás, above regional demand, starting in 2014. In this context, a crisis began, when supply increased, prices fell, nurseries closed and producers found no market for their products. In some areas, the combination of indebted producers, lacking in technical knowledge, very sandy soils derived from friable sandstones, high slopes, genetic materials inadequate to ecological conditions, inadequate logistics and reduced demand for firewood generated high ecological and economic vulnerability. Eucalyptus became a symbol of hope in disappointment for most of the producers in the Southwest of Goiás.