Simulação de uma unidade piloto de destilação de água empregando energia solar

• Autor(a) principal: Damasceno, Camila Teles
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6770
• topic: Energia solar; Destilador; Água destilada; Solar energy; Destiller; Destilled watter; CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA

This work proposes the use of a distiller that uses solar energy for the production of distilled water suitable for use in chemical analysis laboratories of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG).The choice of solar distiller is due to the high incidence of solar radiation in Brazil, and because this type of equipment does not consume electricity, does not generate wasted drinking water, is easy to operate and requires low technology.A study was carried out on the intensity of radiation incident in the dry winter and wet summer period of the municipalities of Catalão, Goiânia and Jataí, where the campus of this university is located, based on the Duffie and Beckman model (2013).From the generated radiation data it was possible to determine what 20º would be the best angle for the equipment coverage, so the pilot model was built and installed at the Chemistry Institute of UFG in the city of Goiânia.With the experimental data of water temperature (Tw) and the distiller cover (Tg) recorded every hour (from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.), the distiller's energy balance, based on the Dunkle model ( 1961), by which it was calculated the heat transfer coefficients by convection (hcw) and evaporation (hew), convective heat transfer rates (qcw) and evaporation (qew), mass transfer rate ( ew) and the efficiency of the distiller (ηi).The results obtained allowed to conclude that the coefficient of heat transfer by evaporation and its corresponding rate were higher than the coefficient of heat transfer per convection and its respective rate.The production of distilled water in winter and summer was 0.31 and kgm-2dia-1, respectively, and the distiller's maximum efficiency was 5.4% in winter and 41.33% in summer. The obtained water meets the parameters of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia and can be used in chemical laboratories in substitution to that obtained in the electric distillers.