Zoneamento edafoclimático e respostas do mogno africano às condições do cerrado

• Autor(a) principal: Rosa, Flávio de Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5972
• topic: Khaya ivorensis; Clima; Solo; Déficit hídrico; Crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal; Climate; Soil; Water stress; Plant growth; AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

Due to the intensified devastation of native Brazilian Savanna biome (“Cerrado”) areas in recent decades, there is currently a major concern in preserving the remaining natural areas. In this view, the forest species cultivation purposes has emerged to meet the demand for wood. In the searching of forest species with good quality wood, easy adaptability and high commercial value, has been gaining space the african mahogany (Khaya ivorensis). Originally from west coast of Africa, is a specie that showed good adaptation to edaphoclimatic6 conditions of savanna besides being inserted in several other regions of Brazil. Although the recent implantation of the forest species in commercial plantations in Brazil, has been gaining visibility, but climate requirements is just a little known, beyond fluid and nutritional requirements of the crop. In this way, the aim of this study was to perform the brazilian edaphoclimatic zoning for african mahogany and evaluate the growth and development of this specie under savanna conditions of Goiás, as well. Firstly, edaphoclimatic zoning for the crop of african mahogany for different regions of Brazil was carried out using data temperature, rainfall and soil types, based on the origin region of species (west African coast).The field experiment was carried on Bonfinópolis, county of Goiás State. The plants were implanted is spacing of 5x5m. An irrigation system by conventional sprinkling3 was utilized to replace the lost water for evapotranspiration (ET-100%). 10 plants were evaluated, being 5 irrigated plants and 5 non-irrigated plants. The variables measured were: shaft4 height, number of leaves, stem diameter and leaf area. The experiment delimitation utilized was fully randomized (DIC), in a bi-factorial scheme 2x9 (A: irrigated and non-irrigated; D: times). The experiment in protected environment performed in EA-UFG, driving up of 18 plants in vases (20L.), with no fluid deficit, being the treatments formed by doses of N (0.0; 0.12; 0.24; 0.36; 0.48; 0.60g N plant1). These plants were evaluated for 5 months-period, with biweekly readings of: plant height, shaft height, number of leaves, number of leaflets, stem diameter and leaf area. The experimental drawing z was the DIC. From the zoning, it was realized that suitable areas to the cultivation of this species, cover most part of Brazil, extending though major part of regions Midwest of the country and thought coast of regions northeast and southeast. The suitable zones with restrictions comprise a large part of states of AM and AC, having more restrictions to south region of Brazil. Only a small strip neat the coast of SP state is considered unfit to the african mahogany plantation. The field experiment demonstrated that all evaluated variables obtained significant differences between the irrigated treatments and non-irrigated, as well, for the different times of evaluation. The irrigated plants showed higher growth than non-irrigated plants with daily rates for plant height and leaf extension of 0.706 cm and 80.354 cm2, respectively, the same variables for non-irrigated plants showed values of 0.508 cm and 63.104 cm2. The experiment in protected environment has found that nitrogen fertilization influenced the mean of leaf area wherein the dose of 0.48 and 0.60 g N-1 influenced better performance of the plants. Conclude that african mahogany can be cultivated in major areas of national territory. Irrigation is recommended on the period between May and September. Keywords: Khaya ivorensis, climate, soil, water stress, plant growth.