Seleção de plantas precoces, caracterização fenológica, biométrica e fitopatológica de caju arbóreo do Cerrado (Anacardium othonianum Rizz.)

• Autor(a) principal: Belo, Ana Paula Marquez
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4222
• topic: Cerrado; Fenologia; Biometria; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Phenology; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

The objective of this work is to study the phenological development of the arboreal cashew fruit from Cerrado (Anacardium othonianum Rizz) to collect biometrics data related to the growth of cashew trees, selecting early plants, both analyse the progress of the antracnosis disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and the severity caused in the plants, with the intention of contributing to the domestication of the species, in order that the extrativism can be avoided and to preserve it into its natural habitat. The initial material of this research is present in an specific area in where there are exclusively plants from arborous cashew fruit, that belong to a germoplasm collection in the area of the Agronomy School of the Federal University of Goiás - EA/UFG, in Goiânia, GO, in the geographical coordinates 16º35'12” of South latitude, 49º21'14” of longitude the West of Greenwich, and 730 m of altitude, which the cultivation was carried out in January of 2011, totalizing 546 plants originating from 182 plants-mothers. There were monthly obtained results related to the total height, and to the stem circumference to 10,0 cm of height of all the plants. The meteorological data was obtained in the Evaporimetric Station of First Class in operation at EA/UFG. The phenophasis were studied of foliage, blooming and fructification of A othonianum, in the period between March of 2012 to September of 2013, and the observations are done monthly. The evaluations referring to the antracnosis were also done monthly, based on a notes scale of the disease severity, in 65 cashew trees selected in the experimental area. The plants, with 32 months after being planted, presented height varying from 4,0 cm to 380,0 cm and diameter of 1,5 mm stem to 94 mm. The leaves emission showed up with intensity in the months of March, April and May. The blooming did not present correlation with any connected climatic data, and had its peak in June. Only three plants had fruits during the study period. Progenies from UFG and from the city of São Miguel do Passa Quatro region showed precociousness and fruits production, being able to be indicated for a future genetic improvement. The antracnosis manifested itself in several levels along the study period, demonstrating it hardest in the months of February, March and April. The phenofasis of new leaves emission and flowers contribute significantly to the disease progress.