Avaliação de alterações cardiovasculares relacionadas ao efeito de drogas antiepilépticas em ratos submetidos ao modelo de indução de epilepsia pela pilocarpina

• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Beatriz Pacheco de
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8603
• topic: Epilepsia; DAEs; Lamotrigina pilocarpina; Sistema cardiovascular; Carbamazepina; Epilepsy; Carbamazepine; Lamotrigine; Pilocarpine; Cardiovascular system; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FISIOLOGIA

Epilepsy is one of the most common problems in the neurological clinic, affecting up to 1% of the world population, moreover, individuals with epilepsy have a higher mortality than the general population. Thus, the interest in investigating cardiac changes in patients with epilepsy has been increasing, and some studies have associated the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with cardiovascular disorders. In this context, there are hypotheses that patients using specific AEDs, sodium channel blockers, have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In our study, we sought to evaluate cardiovascular responses in epileptic rats submitted to chronic administration of carbamazepine (CBZ) or lamotrigine (LTG). Baseline cardiovascular parameters [Systolic blood pressure (SBP); Diastolic blood pressure (DBP); Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)] were recorded through cannulation of the femoral artery and electrode implant after sixty days of treatment with AED or vehicle [(150mg / kg (vo)]. The animals were submitted to a baroreflex test with bolus administration of phenylephrine (PHE - 5μg) and sodium nitroprusside (NPS - 10μg) via cannulation of the femoral vein and later submitted to a challenge with isoproterenol. Through the recording of baseline cardiovascular parameters, we also analyzed the heart rate variability (HRV) and the number of extrasystoles. After all procedures in vivo, samples of the heart were retained for histological analyzes of cardiac tissue. The division of the groups was performed in controls without epilepsy (CNT), epileptics (EP), epileptics treated with CBZ (CBZ) and epileptics treated with LTG (LTG). In our results the epileptic rats presented all the baseline cardiovascular parameters higher than the parameters of animals without epilepsy. CBZ treatment reduced resting HR, SBP and MAP compared to untreated epileptic animals. Treatment with LTG also reduced resting HR compared to the EP group. We also observed that the EP group had a greater cross-sectional area (CSA) of cardiomyocytes when compared to the other groups and an increased accumulation of perivascular collagen in comparison to CNT and CBZ groups. In this way, we can suggest that chronic use of AEDs may influence cardiovascular responses and cardiac microstructure.