Efeitos metabólicos e cardiovasculares da dieta hipersódica durante a puberdade em ratos obesos

• Autor(a) principal: Rosa, Gustavo Bergoli
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9342
• topic: Obesidade; Programação metabólica; Dieta hipersódica; Metabolismo; Doenças cardiovasculares; Obesity; Metabolic programming; High-salt diet; Metabolismo; Cardiovascular diseases; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FARMACOLOGIA

Obesity is a pathology that affects children, youth and adults, in which it can generate various disorders in the body, such as diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Studies show that nutritional, hormonal and environmental insults in the early stages of life are capable of generating pathological conditions in adulthood. The high consumption of processed foods, especially beverages with high concentrations of salt are associated with the development of hypertension, obesity, oxidative stress and heart disease. This work aimed to investigate the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of a hypersodium diet during puberty in obese rats. Wistar rats were used and the division was done initially for two groups: Control (C) and obese (O). The control group was standardized with 9 pups and reduced to 3 pups after the end of lactation. In order to obtain the obese group, the metabolic programming technique was used by means of litter reduction, characterized by the removal of pups on the third day of lactation leaving only 3 male rats, in which, without competition to breastfeed, a hyperphagia condition was observed. weight and body fat, insulin resistance and other metabolic changes. After lactation, the pups had access to water and feed until the thirtieth day of life. At 30 days of age, the two groups (C and O) were divided into two other experimental groups: control + saline (CS) and obese + saline (OS) groups receiving hypertonic saline solution (0.3M) from 30 to 60 days, while the other groups were offered water. After treatment, the groups re-ingested water and were kept alive until 120 days of age. During the experimental period, measurements of body weight, food intake and liquids were performed. At 60, 90 and 120 days there was recording of systolic blood pressure by plethysmography. At 120 days of age, blood was collected for biochemical and hormonal tests. Baseline cardiovascular parameters were also recorded. Afterwards the animals were euthanized for sample collection. The animals that fed the diet rich in salt (CS and OS) had lower amounts of fat, lower body weight and lower amount of food ingested than the obese group (O), demonstrating that salt altered appetite and body composition. In addition, hypertonic saline increased leptin release without increased adipose tissue in CS and OS animals and increased IFN-gamma release and IL-10 decrease. In biochemical patterns, animals that ingested saline treated had elevated serum levels of urea, TGO and TGP. OS animals had an improvement in glycemic status compared to group O, thus observing the influence of salt on glucose control. Both animals and animals treated with saline (OS and OS) had changes in baseline cardiovascular conditions such as changes in MAP, SBP, DBP. However, we observed a change in HR only in the OS animals. In addition to the morphological modifications of the hearts of these same animals (O, CS and OS), where there was organ hypertrophy, cardiomyocytes, increased interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. It is thus possible to state that our results demonstrate that a hypersodium diet during puberty promotes negative effects on the cardiovascular system and metabolism. Notably, the results allow us to conclude that changes in salt intake during puberty, an important developmental stage, are capable of producing permanent changes in the control of blood pressure and other systems.