Mineração e territorialidades indígenas: pandemia e contradição estatal

• Autor(a) principal: Sebastião, Joana Gabriela Diniz
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/13124
• topic: Direito agrário; Povos indígenas; Território; Capitalismo; Neoliberalismo; Mineração; Agrarian law; Indian people; Territory; Capitalism; Neoliberalism; Mining; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO

Mining is an extractive activity with a high capacity for decimating nature. In turn, it is one of the economic activities that is part of the list of developmental and neoliberal policies exercised since the early 1980s in Brazil, but has a history of compromising the well-being of nature and traditional populations, such as indigenous peoples, since the European colonization of the American continent. The genocide in the face of indigenous peoples was not stopped with the advent of capitalism, it only transformed the already existing colonization. The catastrophe of the junction between State, capital and mining is once again perceptible, when the new coronavirus pandemic spreads across planet Earth, and the decimation of indigenous populations and nature remains, by Decree no 10.282/2020, when it became the mining as an essential activity, in the midst of the chaos that was putting the lives of the entire Brazilian population at risk, but the danger suffered by indigenous peoples with the state’s failure to take political decisions during the critical period of the pandemic stands out. Thus, in this dissertation, the hypothesis of the contradiction between the reality of indigenous peoples and their territoriality living in constant threat is raised, in view of the provisions of articles 231 and 232 of the Federal Constitution, and the propulsion of mining in indigenous territories, taking advantage of the pandemic by COVID-19. The general objective was to evaluate the state contradiction in the face of the developmental policy unfolded in Brazil, and the protection and demarcation of indigenous territories, in the face of the social and economic dynamics of neoliberalism, during the pandemic. With that, the specific objectives are to describe mining in Latin America, understanding the socio-environmental and economic context and the territorial organization, as it is reflected in the present day; verify the effects of the pandemic on capitalism and indigenous populations in Brazil; finally, verify the contradictions of the State between protecting indigenous territories and promoting mining. The methodology of approach used is the historical and dialectic materialism, with a methodology of procedure of bibliographic research, audiovisual and collection of data in the state autarchies. The conclusion was that the state contradiction became more flagrant in the face of the pandemic, by defining mining as essential for the Brazilian population, even if its action processes provoke agrarian conflict, death by intoxication, the destruction of nature and compromise the well-being of indigenous peoples.