Estimativa do yield gap para a cultura da soja em nível de fazenda no Estado de Goiás

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Thaynara Garcia
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/0013000009v97
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/11249
• topic: Glycine max (L) Merrill; Condições climáticas; Manejo agrícola; Fertilidade do solo; Resistência a penetração; Glycine max (L) Merrill; Climate conditions; Agricultural management; Soil fertility; Penetration resistance; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) is the main crop in Brazilian agribusiness, playing a very important role in the country's economy. The grains area widely uses and their derivatives as a source of protein and energy. Soybeans is used to supply the world requirement for food. This bring attention to the necessary conditions for cultivating the crop is one of the essential steps to obtain high yield, mainly climatic conditions in the areas where the crop will be grown. The association of unfavorable climate and inefficient agricultural management may be responsible due to the low production of soybeans and thus not meeting world demand. The agriculture is modernizing and paying attention to market demands through technologies and research to supply the require food demand for future generation. Based on questions, it is possible to estimate the yield gap of agricultural crops that allow us to differentiate the types and levels of existing production and to quantify as breaks caused by water deficit and agricultural management through data obtained from productivity simulation models. The aim of this work was to estimate the yield gap of soybean at farm level in the central region of the State of Goiás, Brazil, under Cerrado conditions, evaluating the interaction between climate, and management associated with leaf nutritional level and soil penetration resistance. The study was carried out in 13 soybean commercial cultivation areas under no-tillage system, of five farmers, at the municipalities of Avelinópolis, Heitoraí, Trindade and São Luiz do Norte, in the 2019/2020 growing season. At the farm level, it was found that the areas of the highest agricultural efficiencies (AE) were obtained the lowest climatic efficiencies (CE). This lead to climatic conditions caused the greatest yield gap when compared to yield gap by management. There was a positive correlation between AE and the levels of N, K, Cu and B collected in the leaf analysis and resistance to soil penetration, proving that these were limiting factor for a better crop development.