Otimização da eficiência de uso da água pelo feijoeiro no cultivo de outono/inverno, em Cristalina, GO, Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Teixeira, Gisele Carneiro da SIlva
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5365
• topic: Água na agricultura; Manejo; Uso eficiente; Phaseolus vulgaris; Water in agriculture; management; Efficient use; AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most consumed legume in Brazil, considered the symbol ingredient of Brazilian gastronomy. Its cultivation in Brazil is done in three crop seasons (water, drought and autumn/winter), and the third crop season is responsible for the highest yields and for the balance of grain supply during the year. The water supply of the common bean in this crop season is done almost exclusively by irrigation. Irrigated agriculture is characterized as human activity that uses more water available in the water bodies, and thus to sustainable development is necessary that its management in the conduct of cultures become increasingly efficient. The use of simulation models of growth, development and productivity enables to evaluate the efficiency of water use under specific management conditions, and its main advantage is the reduced time for decision making. This study aimed to determine the morpho-physiological characteristics and the solar radiation use efficiency of Pérola and BRS Radiante common bean cultivars and to calibrate and validate the CSM-CROPGRO-Dry bean simulation model of growth, development and productivity and apply it to establish the date of sowing in autumn/winter crop season on which it is possible to get the most efficient use of irrigation water in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the municipality of Cristalina, GO. Sixteen sowing dates were studied, starting on March 1st and going until July 30th, with intervals of 10 days between each date. Both cultivars showed differences in the morphophysiological characteristics evaluated and in the use of solar radiation. The simulation model proved to be an efficient tool, showing, in the calibration and validation, sensitivity to variation of genetic coefficients, showing differences between the cultivars in the simulations of the phenological development, besides of good agreement of the simulated data of biomass and grain yield, except in conditions of biotic or abiotic stresses. In applying the model, the sowing dates that showed the greatest water use efficiency were the earliest ones, performed in March.