Efeitos de um programa de atividade física não supervisionada sobre a pressão arterial, aptidão física e qualidade de vida em idosos hipertensos

• Autor(a) principal: Carneiro, Patrícia Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6110
• topic: Hipertensão; Caminhada; Idoso; Qualidade de vida; Hypertension; Walking; Aged; Quality of life; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity reduces the risk of diseases, including high blood pressure, however, in order to achieve the benefits it is necessary that the population leave the sedentary lifestyle and become physically active. As this regard, it is necessary to undertake safe and economically viable strategies that help the population to adopt healthy habits that favor an active life, and hence avoid the harms that sedentary lifestyle entails. AIMS: To verify the interference of an unsupervised exercise program on blood pressure, physical fitness, quality of life and safety in elderly hypertensive patients. METHODOLOGY: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants were divided into the study group or control group. They undergo clinical evaluation, and anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (casual and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring), physical tests and laboratory control were taken at the beginning and the end of the study. We also evaluate the quality of life by the SF-36 questionnaire. After a period of 12 weeks of unsupervised walking program in which participants were asked to do it three times a week at least, at a moderate intensity (40 to < 60% of heart rate reserve), all participants underwent a complete re-evaluation to compare the results obtained with the proposed program. Data were analyzed using SPPS, v.23.0. Qualitative variables were presented in absolute numbers and percentages and the analysis of association between then was carried out by Qui-Square test or Fisher exact test, where applicable. After that, the comparison of proportions intragroup was made with Wilcoxon test. Shapiro –Wilk test was used to analyze quantitative variables concerning its distribution and the comparison of means of variables with normal distribution was carried out with T-Student test for unrelated or paired samples. The results were presented as mean and standard deviation and the value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Blood pressure did not change significantly in both groups, but no complications were seen during the follow-up period. In relation to physical fitness, the participants in the intervention group showed a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0,016) and abdominal strength (p=0,046) when both groups were compared. Regarding the quality of life, it has been a significant increase in the scores of domains related to functional capacity (p=0,012), vitality (p=0,039) and emotional aspect(p=0,023) in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: The data in this study provide a good indication that an unsupervised exercise program is safe, helps maintain blood pressure, and improves physical fitness and quality of life in elderly hypertensive patients.