Avaliação de feridas crônicas em pacientes atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Goiânia

• Autor(a) principal: MARTINS, Marlene Andrade
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/698
• topic: Úlcera da perna; Pacientes ambulatoriais/enfermagem; Infecção dos ferimentos; Testes de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão; Lower limb Ulcer; Outpatients/nursing; Wounds infection; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

Assessing patients with chronic wounds poses a challenge to professionals and doubts still persist concerning characterization of the wound infection status. We believe that the Basic Health Units are in places of reference for the public to submit chronic wounds and should have full attendance and resolution were objectives of this study: characterizing patients with chronic wounds attended as spontaneous demand in the bandage room; characterizing patients chronic wounds regarding the presence of classical signs and additional infection criteria; isolating and identifying aerobic bacteria and fungi in the samples of chronic wounds clinically signaling to infection; verifying strains susceptibility when isolated before antimicrobial agents often used in praxis as well as new antibiotics and analyzing the relationship of local factors with infection status. This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in ambulatory bandage rooms in basic health units with emergency service in the municipality of Goiânia. Data was collected from June to July, in 2007. Data was obtained through the use of structured interviews containing questions about characterization of patients and a check list for the assessment of chronic wounds through the signs and clinical symptoms indicating infection and analysis of wound samples by using swabs in accordance with Levine s technique. After consent and approval of the ethics committee, 46 patients were evaluated and 60 wound samples were assessed. Data bank was organized in Excel table and statistics analysis in SPSS- 15.0. The average age was 55 years, 37 (80.4%) male, 20 (43.5%) belonging to E social class, 23 (50%) retired people having basic sanitation items. 28 (61%) presented venous ulcerated lower limbs, 31 (67.4%) performed the bandage both in the BHU and at home. 45 (75%) out of 60 wounds were infected and 15 (25%) noninfected. Through bivariate analysis we verified an association of the infection status with the following characteristics: width depth of tissular damage, necrotic tissue and exudate amount. Among signs and symptoms, classical ones occurred in a frequency higher than 65% both in the infected and noninfected group. Regarding the additional ones, we verified variance in occurrence in both wound groups. Staphylococcus aureus was predominat in 65% of cases and was sensitive to most antibiotics tested. Among Gram-negative bacteria the most frequent were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23%), resistant to amoxylin +clavulanic acid, cefalexin and cefotaxim; Proteus mirabilis (16.6%) and Proteus vulgaris (15.0%), all sensitive to gentamicin, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, and amicacin. These results indicate the need to structure an integrated net to treat patients with chronic wounds and evidence additional criteria to be employed in the elaboration of service protocols pursuing improvement of quality of assistance given in basic health units.