Gel de quitosana à 2% na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em ratas diabéticas

• Autor(a) principal: DIAS, Taís Andrade
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/900
• topic: Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1; hidrogel; reparo cutâneo; Diabetes Mellitus Type 1; hydrogel; cutaneous repair; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA::CLINICA E CIRURGIA ANIMAL

Wound healing difficulty is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus which makes the healing process slower and treatment more expensive. Chitosan has been studied regarding its ability to accelerate healing and tested in the treatment of skin lesions with impaired healing as diabetic ones. Fifty-four Wistar female rats were divided randomly in three groups with 18 animals each, which were subdivided into three subgroups (n = 6) corresponding to periods of post-operative evaluation (7, 14 and 21 days). All subjects underwent experimental induction of diabetes by single intraperitoneal application of alloxan with a dose of 120mg/kg. After the diabetic state was confirmed, the study proceeded to general anesthesia for the manufacture of skin wounds in the dorsal region of the animals. The control group (GC) received saline on the wounds. The GA group was treated with oil-based essential fatty acids and the GQ wounds were treated with 2% chitosan gel characterized and standardized for this study. Macroscopic, histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to monitor the healing process of wounds. The healing of wounds treated with chitosan was faster than the healing in the other groups at 14 and 21 days postoperatively, and the control group presented the lowest percentage of wound contraction. Statistical difference was found at 14 days between GQ and GC in the macroscopic analysis (p=0,02). Histologically there was an advance in the GA and in the GQ reeptelization compared to GC at 7 and 14 days, as well as the presence of polymorphonuclear cells in GQ at seven days and mononuclear cells in the other groups in this period. Fibroblasts and collagen were showed to be predominant in all groups during the period of 21 days characterizing the final phase of healing. The methodology used to prepare a 2% chitosan gel produced a drug with technical qualities that are suitable for topical use. This treatment was satisfactory as it accelerated the healing of injuries when compared to animals treated with saline and essential fatty acids oil. The proposed protocol becomes a promising and economically viable alternative for the treatment of diabetic wounds.