Análise Ecotoxicológica e Química da Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes de uma Indústria de Laticínios em Goiás

• Autor(a) principal: Machado, Victor Vinicius Batista
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/3016
• topic: Tratamento de efluentes de laticínio; Ecotoxicologia; Análise térmica; Eficiência do tratamento; Treatment of dairy effluents; Ecotoxicology; Thermal analysis; Treatment efficiency; QUIMICA ANALITICA::ANALISE DE TRACOS E QUIMICA AMBIENTAL

The dairy industries represent one of the most important sectors for the economy of Goiás. The intense industrialization, together with the lack of specialized labor, means that these industries generally produce without any concern for the waste generated. Besides solid waste, these industries generate effluents with high levels of pollution that can affect the water and soil quality, in water bodies into which they flow. Faced with this scenario, the need arose to carry out a study of the risks inherent to this type of effluent, both from a physical-chemical and ecotoxicological point of view. For this purpose, acute toxicity studies were carried out with the Zebrafish (Danio rerio), to evaluate the toxicity of the effluents in pre-defined points of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) analyzed (points A, D and F). To evaluate the efficiency of the WTP, some physical-chemical parameters were measured (pH, conductivity, cloudiness, BOD, COD, TS, OG among others), and a chemical analysis was carried out of the metals Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb. To determine the solid residues in the effluent, thermogravimetric analyses were performed. Through mathematical models, the efficiency of the WTP was evaluated in terms of the parameters measured, which throughout the treatment process, proved inefficient, presenting mainly negative values. The tests of acute toxicity carried out with the test organisms in contact with the effluent from the dairy effluent, collected in various points of the plant, enabled the LC50 to be calculated, which indicated a moderate to high toxicity of the effluents analyzed.