Prevenção em controvérsias: as disputas em torno da PrEP no Youtube

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Mayllon Lyggon de Sousa
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/13187
• topic: PrEP; Ciência; Governamentalidade; Risco; Cartografia das controvérsias; Science; Governmentality; Risk; Artography of controversies; PrEP; Gubernamentalidad; Riesgo; Cartografía de las controvérsias; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::COMUNICACAO

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is a compound of tenofovir and emtricitabine that, taken daily, has the potential to reduce the number of new HIV infections significantly. It was implemented as a public policy in Brazil in 2017, and its use is recommended for gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers, trans people, and injecting drug users (BRASIL, 2018), key populations experiencing a concentrated epidemic (UNAIDS, 2007). In Brazil, from 2007 to 2019, the number of reported cases increased by 530%, with the most significant increase being among young people and adults aged 15 to 24 years. These numbers, especially among MSM, reveal the limitations and failures of prevention policies (CALAZANS, PINHEIRO, AYRES, 2018), and come from the dismantling of HIV and AIDS care, prevention and treatment policies that have plagued the country since 2012. Since the beginning, AIDS and HIV have been carved out as a biopolitical device (PELÚCIO; MISKOLCI, 2009) for the control of populations, which involves a heterogeneous set of elements, such as NGOs and OSCIPS, the media, the scientific, moral and religious discourse, the pharmaceutical industry, the scientific disputes of laboratories, the government of oneself and others. In this context, science reduces the body and sexuality to what they have as the latest and operates through the biological and somatic, seeking global results of balance and regularity (FOUCUALT, 1979, 2010). This dynamic establishes a process of biomedicalization of sexualities and neoliberal prevention, where Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is spotted. It is located in a field of dispute between the forms of HIV prevention because it raises a complex series of agencies and controversies about science, the State, risk management, sexualities, and people. From this point, what we intend to answer is which controversies are generated from PrEP on Youtube?. To ensure that, we used the Cartography of Controversies proposed by Tomaso Venturini (2009, 2010) and anchored in the Actor-Network Theory proposed by Latour (2012). We collected Youtube videos published by actors from the LGTBTQIA+ community, using Youtube Data Tools tool, and analyzed the amount of 69 videos published in Portuguese between 2017 (the year of implementation of PrEP) and 2021. In the PrEP case, we glimpse cosmologies whose disputes are established, above all, in the context of recommendations for the use of prophylaxis (how and who can have access to prophylaxis), in the dynamics of a public health protocol, and the moralization of dissident sexual practices. People mainly settle between the new vs old prevention paradigm; education and respect for human rights vs drug prevention; condoms vs PrEP; individual responsibility vs population security; absence and cut off funds for treatment with HIV and AIDS vs investment in prevention; key populations vs prophylaxis coverage. Around these disputes, a network is formed from the interaction of digital platforms, experts, influencers, NGOs and OSCIPS, public and private institutions, prophylaxis users, scientific disseminators, people living with HIV, laws and norms, diseases, and preventive technologies.