Biofertilizante à base de vinhaça para adubação de espécies nativas em solo de cerrado

• Autor(a) principal: Gonçalves, Rosana Alves
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/00130000087st
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7670
• topic: Nutrição de plantas; Biodigestão; Fertilidade do solo; Plant nutrition; Bio digestion; Soil fertility; AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

Depending on the problems generated in relation to the disposal of vinasse (residue from alcohol production), one of the most efficient disposal is the addition from this residue to the soil as a manure source, providing nutrients to cultures. Another alternative is the anaerobic bio digestion, performed for energy production through biogas generated in bio digestion; this process originate another residue (concentrated of bio digested vinasse) that could have the potential for organic manure use. Knowing the lack of information about nutritional requirements from native forest species, this study had as objective to evaluate a new fertilization technique for Cerrado native species (seedling stage), through an organic bio fertilizer produced with in nature and bio digested vinasse. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse from UFG. Dystrophic oxisol was used in a completely randomized design, being four bio fertilizer doses (0, 0,5, 1, 2 and 3 times the recommended dose of de 300 m3 ha-1) and a treatment only with vinasse. Bio fertilization constituted on a mixture of biodigested vinasse + in nature vinasse in different concentrations. Cerrado native species where chosen based on ecological succession, being: Anadenanthera colubrina, Dipteryx alata and Handroanthus heptaphylum, planted in vases (7 kg of soil). Every 7 days, height, stem diameter and leaf numbers were measured. At the end of the experiment, chlorophyll content was measured and leaf area index was determined for Anadenanthera colubrine and Dipteryx alata. All seedlings were withdrawn from the vessels, oven dried, weighed to determine the above and below ground biomass and the leaves were milled for nutritional determination. Soil analysis from each treatment in each specie was done, for macro and micronutrients determination. For Anadenanthera colubrina, there was a positive response for bio fertilizer in the development of the specie; however bio fertilizer doses did not influence the nutrients content, because of the rusticity. For Dipteryx alata , there was a significant response, however for higher doses from bio fertilizer, the specie showed better development and biomass production according to an increase in residue amount; showing also a higher amount of nutrients, like P, K and Cu. Handroanthus heptaphylum showed negative response to bio fertilizer application, where the dose was increased, worst was the development and biomass production presented, as well as for nutrients content, that showed a decrease in many elements, such as N, Ca, Mg. For the species used in the study, “in nature” vinasse results were similar to the lowest doses from bio fertilizer. For soil variables, in generally, bio fertilizer showed efficiency in macro and micronutrients availability, varying according to the specie. Reduced values of acidity and pH increase occurred in the soil in all species, besides a significant increase in potassium (K) contents, the most abundant nutrient in the residue used in this study.