A cooperação frustrada no âmbito nuclear entre Brasil e Índia (1996-1998)

• Autor(a) principal: Motta, André Luiz Cançado
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/12547
• topic: Energia nuclear; Proliferação nuclear; Segurança internacional; Política externa brasileira; Política externa indiana; Nuclear energy; Nuclear proliferation; International security; Brazilian foreign policy; Indian foreign policy; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::CIENCIA POLITICA::POLITICA INTERNACIONAL

Between 1996 and 1998, Brazil and India tried to sign a nuclear agreement. For different reasons, the attempt failed mainly on the Brazilian side. This research intends to demonstrate that there is a common causal element in this: international North American pressures and a change in the political orientation of the Brazilian government, which despite the decision to sign a nuclear agreement with India, did not proceed with it. The cooperation attempt took place in the following context: Brazil and India were not signatories of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) until 1998. They began nuclear technology transfer commitments after signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) and the Department of Atomic Energy of India (DAE) in January 1996. In July of the same year, an additional protocol is also signed, known as the São Paulo Protocol, a document that lists dual- purpose (which can be used for peaceful or military purposes) and non-dual technologies to be explored as the initial development of the agreement between the parties. The research is based on the theoretical framework of autonomy and (in)dependence in foreign policy decisions. A qualitative methodology is used, supported by the use of process tracing, in which research will be carried out on documents, semi-structured interviews, and literature review, correlating them to the case study of the aforementioned cooperation. The hypothesis is that the information contained in these sources will demonstrate that Brazil was persuaded to continue its cooperation with India. Thus, the results obtained were as follows: i) the MoU was seen as an attempt to exercise a certain degree of autonomy with the conduct of Brazilian nuclear policy, even though the country was entering a phase of unprecedented adherence to the NPT, and its denunciation (rupture) in 1998, was not consensually accepted; ii) the agreement with India was strategic to reactivate research regarding the use of thorium as nuclear fuel in Brazil; iii) the agreement had the potential to promote the technical and scientific nuclear development of Brazil and India, aiming at the industrial and commercial creation of fuels for thorium and uranium-233-fueled PWR reactors; iv) the United States pressured Brazil with the objective of impeding the agreement.