Arcabouço gravimétrico brasileiro e o meio ambiente: possibilidades e perspectivas

• Autor(a) principal: Castro Júnior, Carlos Alberto Corrêa e
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/0013000004jjj
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8460
• topic: Gravimetria; Geodesia; Meio ambiente; Gravimetry; Geodesy; Environment; GEOCIENCIAS::GEODESIA

Geodesy, one of the strands that compose the Geosciences, deals with the study of Earth’s gravity shape, dimensions and field, besides providing the reference infrastructure for social and economic development throughout the planet In Brazil, the geodetic infrastructure has been developed over time through the implementation of high precision planialtimetric and gravimetric networks. In recent years, Geodesy has relied on satellite technologies to provide fast, precise and accurate positioning that allows considering the movements and deformations of global lithospheric plates. This thesis refers to the synergy between the national geodetic infrastructure and some current environmental issues. Thus, besides exploring Geodesy minutiae, the first objective was to evaluate the hypothesis that, in the most developed regions of Brazil, the gravimetric network acts as a consolidated infrastructure for the implementation of other Engineering infrastructures; on the other hand, in regions that are less developed and difficult to access, gravimetric networks evolve as infrastructure demands arise. The evaluation of this hypothesis involved the analysis of Brazilian gravimetric network distribution and its spatial and statistical relation to the Human Development Index and the population distribution. The results confirmed that in Brazil there is an correlation between spatial coverage of the gravimetric network and the Human Development Index. In the North region there is a deficiency in gravimetric network coverage, explained by precarious socioeconomic development, access difficulties, and large tracts of protected land. The obtained results also demonstrated that the national geoidal model resultant from gravimetric network MAPGEO2015 serves 89.72% of Brazilian population. Another evaluated hypothesis is that due to the large proportion of Brazilian hydrographic regions and to the number of installed active stations of SIRGAS network in part of the national territory, the association between SIRGAS stations altimetric data and the amount of water stored underground, detected by GRACE satellite system, occurs precariously. The evaluation of this hypothesis involved the correlation between altitude variation data from SIRGAS active stations and GRACE satellite system data. The results confirmed that in some of Brazilian hydrographic regions a statistical correlation was found between the altimetric variation of SIRGAS network and GRACE data. The results suggest that densification of active stations network can provide a hydrological monitoring system of fundamental importance in extreme climatic events, such as those that produce water supply crises or floods. In this work, a new geoidal model for state of Goiás, MODGEO-GO, was also proposed, based on new in loco surveys that led to a densification of Goiás gravimetric network. MODGEO-GO can assist more effectively planning and implementing major infrastructure works necessary for Goiás development. Finally, the global interpolation model with local effect, called Thin Plate Spline, was evaluated with MAPGEO2105 data. The results showed great potential of this interpolator, which can be adopted in future modeling of geoidal surfaces in Brazil.