Identificação de áreas prioritárias para recuperação e conservação ambiental em uma bacia hidrográfica do bioma Cerrado

• Autor(a) principal: Soares, Samara Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/001300000dz4j
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/12990
• topic: Mudança no uso e cobertura da terra; Áreas prioritárias para conservação; Vulnerabilidade socioambiental; Erosão do solo; Fronteira agrícola; Change in land use and land cover; Priority areas for conservation; Socio-environmental vulnerability; Soil erosion; Agricultural frontier; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::CONSERVACAO DA NATUREZA::CONSERVACAO DE BACIAS HIDROGRAFICAS

The watershed of the Meia Ponte River is one of the most important hydrographic basins for the state of Goiás and has a high level of anthropization influenced by the process of expansion of the agricultural frontier, which can result in increased erosive processes of soils by water and increase of areas of high environmental vulnerability that lack recovery and conservation. Thus, the objective of this work was to define the priority areas for socio-environmental recovery and conservation and to evaluate the existing mechanisms for environmental preservation considering the process of occupation of UPGRH Meia Ponte in the last 30 years. For this, soil loss influenced by temporal changes in land use and cover (LULC) was estimated from data from the Mapbiomas Project, Collection 3.0, for the years 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017 and using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The priority areas for recovery and conservation were defined based on the potential for underground water recharge, the environmental vulnerability and the social vulnerability of the basin using the multicriteria analysis methodology (AHP) integrated with the tools of Geographic Information Systems – GIS. The expansion of agricultural areas occurred in 14% of the pasture areas. This conversion occurred in areas of lower slopes, from 0° to 5°, (flat and gently undulating reliefs) and soils considered more suitable for mechanized agriculture, such as Oxisols. The uses remained unchanged in 66% of the basin, there was 7% of reforestation and 9% of deforestation corroborating the expressive anthropization of the basin. The increase in the rate of soil loss from 1987 to 2017 was observed, due to the increase in arable areas promoted by the agricultural policiesmas implemented at the time. The tolerable rates of soil loss were exceeded for agriculture and pasture under all studied conditions. Agricultural areas also have the highest priority areas for recovery. The results are useful for land use planners and managers to make appropriate decisions in establishing environmental preservation policies. The economic development of the municipalities has a significant but weak correlation with the accounting of priority areas for conservation. However, the mechanisms of payment for environmental services (PES) and environmental compensation are viable for the restoration of these areas.