Dor pós-operatória em mulheres submetidas à cesariana: incidência, qualidade, intensidade e fatores preditores

• Autor(a) principal: Borges, Natália de Carvalho
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/001300000bnh0
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5582
• topic: Dor; Dor pós-operatória; Cesariana; Intensidade de dor; Medição da dor; Pain; Postoperative pain; Cesarean section; Pain intensity; Pain measurement; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

Postoperative pain is a frequent and multidimensional event, which is influenced by biopsychosocial factors. Little is known about pain after cesarean section, currently one of the most practiced surgeries, which requires a rapid recovery and is held at a time of a woman’s life in which various physical and emotional changes occur. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence, characteristics and predictive factors for moderate, strong and worst pain post-cesarean section. This is the data analysis part from the prospective cohort study, conducted in a private hospital in the municipality of Goiânia, Brazil, between February 2014 and May 2015, with a sample of 947 women that had undergone cesarean section. Data were collected at the pre and immediate postoperative moments. The outcome variable was postoperative pain of moderate, strong and worst intensity (≥5 on a numerical scale from 0-10). The predictor variables included sociodemographic and clinical factors. The intensity of the pain were assessed through the Numeric Pain Rating Scale of 11 points (NPS), where zero (0)=no pain; 1,2,3 and 4=mild pain; 5 and 6=moderate pain; 7, 8 and 9=severe pain and 10=worst possible pain; and pain quality through the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ-SF). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to investigate symptoms of anxiety and depression and the STAI-trait for anxiety symptoms. For the statistical analysis, the chi-square test, t-test and multivariate regression analysis were used. The mean age of the women was 25.3 years (sd=5.7). Married women (43.9%) and those that had completed high school (50.3%) were prevalent. All the women underwent spinal anesthesia with the use of heavy bupivacaine 0.5% and morphine. The incidence of postoperative pain was 92.2% (CI: 95%:90.0%-93.9%) and the incidence of women who reported pain of moderate, strong and worst intensity was de 79,2%(CI:95%:76,5%-81,6). The descriptors most frequently chosen to characterize the pain were “aching”, “tender” and “throbbing”, from the sensory-discriminative category of the MPQ-SF. Performing tubal sterilization together with the cesarean section (OR: 2.26; 95%CI 1.12-4.57), duration of surgery over 30 minutes (OR 1.26; 95%CI 1.11-2.18), presence of preoperative pain (OR: 1.54; 95%CI 1.05-2.26) and medium and high levels of trait anxiety (OR: 1.50; 95%CI 1.04-2.09) emerged as predictors of postoperative pain of moderate, strong and worst intensity. The performance of previous cesarean sections emerged as a protective factor for postoperative pain (OR: 0.65; 95%CI 0.46-0.92). High intensity postoperative pain is a highly frequent event in women undergoing cesarean section, described in words that indicate the multidimensionality of the pain. The perioperative evaluation of women should include negative behaviors such as anxiety, the presence of preoperative pain and the performance of surgeries that require greater exposure and manipulation of tissues, in order to reduce impairments in post-operative recovery.