Literatura e sociedade nos escritos dos anos 1930 de Georg Lukács

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Aline Cristina
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/0013000006nx7
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9269
• topic: Marxismo; Literatura e sociedade; Georg Lukács; Marxism; Literature and society; Georg Lukács; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::SOCIOLOGIA

The present dissertation addresses the issue about literature and society in the writings of the 1930s by Georg Lukács; a Hungarian author considered as one of the leading Marxist exponents of the sociology of literature. During his intellectual trajectory, this intellectual passed through different influences: Kantianism, Hegelianism, Marxism and Bolshevism. By the 1930s Lukács adhered to Lenin’s so-called “reflex theory” and began to apply it in literature, an element that would contribute to the constitution of his definition of literary realism. However, although there is almost absolute consensus around the idea that Lenin’s thought and his “reflex theory” are a development of Marx’s thought, there are questions about it. This discussion was raised by intellectuals such as Karl Korsch, Anton Pannekoek, and, more recently, Nildo Viana, and others. This questioning arises mainly because there is a consideration that Lenin’s thinking is ideological (constituted by an ideology – a word that means false consciousness systematized in the conception of Marx and Engels) and not a theoretical one (a correct expression of reality, as Korsch pointed out). Thus, the research problem of this dissertation was as follows: what is the character of Lukács’ conception in his writings of the 1930s on literature and society? Does his contribution to studies on literature and society constitute an ideology (false systematized consciousness) or a theory (correct expression of reality)? And what would this theory or ideology be? In this sense, our objectives were to expose and critically analyze Lukács’ intellectual bases, his biography and his texts on literature of the 1930s. The theoretical reference used was based on a discussion about complex knowledge, especially in the formation of ideas, and specifically ideologies and theory. To do so, we mainly use the following authors: Marx and Engels (especially The German Ideology), Korsch, “youth” Lukács (of History and class consciousness) and Nildo Viana. There is also a discussion about literature and society, situating the debate of authors influenced by Marxism in this question. The methodology used consisted in a survey of Lukács texts on literature from the 1930s, as well as the collection of works that contributed to the understanding of these texts. Considering these elements, we arrive at the result that Lukacs’ 1930 writings on literature are ideological, based on Lenin’s ideology; but at the same time we do not disregard their specific contributions.