Análise Químico-Morfológica de Hyptis Jacq. e Hypenia (Mart. ex Benth.) R. Harley (Lamiaceae)

• Autor(a) principal: SILVA, Julierme Gonçalves da
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/001300000cp9d
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2855
• topic: Hyptis; Hypenia; Lamiaceae; óleo essencial; variabilidade química; quimiotaxonomia; análise multivariada; Hyptis; Hypenia; Lamiaceae; essential oil; chemical variability; chemotaxonomy; multivariate analysis; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA

Cerrado is the second largest Brazilian biome, occupying about 24% of the country. However, there are only 61% of preserved Cerrado areas. Therefore, studies are needed in order to preserve these natural resources. For this purpose the reassessment of systematic relationships between 88 taxa of Hyptis Jacq. were based on the vegetative and reproductive morphological characters (chapter 1). In order to perform a phenetic study, multivariate statistical analysis were used for determination of taxa distribution patterns. The relationships between the examined taxa have been expressed as Ward hierarchical clustering using multiple correspondence analysis of 50 characters distributed into 168 character states. The perceptual map shows a subdivision of Hyptis into two major clusters. Cluster I contained 41 taxa belonging to sections Cyanocephalus, Cyrta, Gymneia, Mesosphaeria, Polydesmia and Tricosphaeria which mainly showed elongated, elliptic, linear bracts, curvature of the calyx's tube upper limb, oblique calyx tube orifice, as well as smooth nutlets. Cluster II contained 47 taxa from sections Apodotes, Eriosphaeria, Hyptis, Induratae, Pachyphyllae, Pusilae and Xylodontes. Their main morphological characteristics included hemispheric or subglobose cymes, the presence of a stylopodium, slightly rough nutlets and nutlets truncate at apex. Cluster analysis focused on 6 of the morphological characters which were distinguished by discriminant correspondence analysis, revealed similar traits. Multivariate analyses were also applied in the essential oil chemovariations of 13 Hypenia species (chapter 2). The results revealed the presence of two taxonomic clusters. Cluster I included 3 species belonging to section Densiflorae in addition to H. subrosea Harley and H. aristulata (Epl.) R. Harley, and showed the highest percentages of α-muurolol (5.85 ± 3.08%). In Cluster II, which contained 8 species belonging to section Laxiflorae, the major discriminant constituents were (E)-caryophyllene (7.09 ± 4.88%), germacrene D (18.1 ± 11.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.65 ± 1.19%). All essential oils showed a predominance of sesquiterpenes, such as spathulenol (4.5-31.6%), caryophyllene oxide (2.2-14.4%) and selin-11-en-4α-ol (0-34.8%). Furthermore, identical clusters were revealed by multivariate analysis of chemical constituents based on carbon skeletons, as well as on 18 morphological leaf characters of the species studied.