Prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovasculares em escolares

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Diego Alves da
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8812
• topic: Crianças; Doenças cardiovasculares; Fatores de risco; Circunferência da cintura; Children; Cardiovascular diseases; Risk factors; Waist circumference; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA

Introduction: Cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) can begin in childhood subtly and last until adulthood, they may be present in an isolated or grouped form in the same individual, and thus increase cardiovascular risk. One of the most present CRF is obesity, especially abdominal obesity, which is strongly associated with metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, it is necessary instruments of easy access for the tracking of the cardiovascular risk in childhood. In the literature studies on CRF in children are still incipient and need to be better understood, especially in the state of Goiás. Objective: To analyze the cardiovascular risk factors grouped in preschool and school children in the city of Santo Antônio de Goiás. Method: An epidemiological study was carried out, with a cross-sectional study and a case-control study, in the city of Santo Antônio de Goiás, with students from 4 to 11 years of age enrolled in the public network. Anthropometric data (body mass index - BMI and waist circumference - WC), resting blood pressure (BP), fasting glycemia and lipid profile (high density lipoprotein HDL, low density lipoprotein LDL) were collected and evaluated, triglycerides - TG and total cholesterol - TC), besides the level of physical activity. Grouped CRFs were considered when the same individual had equal or more than 3 altered indicators. To verify the normality of the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed. Initially, data were analyzed for mean, standard deviation and frequency. The comparison of means between the groups was performed by Student's t-test for independent samples or Mann Whitney. The association between the variables (anthropometric, biochemical and hemodynamic) were evaluated by the Pearson's Chi-square test and correlation analysis between the absolute values of the variables indicative of the FRC was used the Spearman correlation, Regression analysis Binary Logistics to identify significant predictors for outcome: cardiovascular risk factors grouped and isolated. For all tests the significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: Of the 158 schoolchildren evaluated, 24.7% were overweight and 29.7% were abdominal adiposity. The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 11.4% and dyslipidemia 72.8%, only glycemia was identified within normal values for all children. The comparative analysis of CRF indicated association of BMI, MC and SBP in both preschoolers and schoolchildren with increased CD, in addition to higher PAD and TG values in students with increased CD. Positive and significant correlation was still found between CC values and SBP and DBP values for all children. In addition, the results of binary logistic regression showed that school-aged children with increased CD were 1.10 times more likely to present clustering risk factors. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was the most prevalent CRF among preschoolers and schoolchildren, followed by abdominal adiposity and excess body weight. In the group of children evaluated, abdominal adiposity directly influenced blood pressure values in both groups and in triglyceride values in schoolchildren. CC was able to predict CRF in only the older group of children.