Hegemonia em transição: um estudo histórico-político sobre o campo da esquerda no Brasil contemporâneo (2003-2018)

• Autor(a) principal: Benedito, Sérgio Mendonça
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9210
• topic: Esquerda política; Partidos políticos; Sindicatos; Movimentos sociais; Ativismo; Political left; Political parties; Labor unions; Social movements; Activism; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::SOCIOLOGIA

This dissertation aimed to investigate if a new hegemony is emerging in the field of the Brazilian political left. By following the demonstrations of June 2013 and its immediate developments we saw a growing friction between the leftist collective actors, one part aligned with the Workers’ Party (PT) government – such as the Workers’ Unitary Union (CUT) and the Movement of Landless Rural Workers’ (MST) – and others who have organized themselves in recent years to oppose the moderate political project of the PT – such as the United Socialist Workers’ Party (PSTU), the Homeless Workers’ Movement (MTST), and the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL). On the one hand, the discrediting of the hegemonic left, centered on the PT, both in the ideological field and in society as a whole became more evident – given the limitations of the governments of Lula and Dilma in promoting a more prosperous, less unequal, violent and corrupt society. On the other hand, the left opposition, which was strengthened in the PT era by the engagement of a new generation of militants, played an important role in popular mobilization until the peak of the June protests. Having made this diagnosis, we asked whether there was a change in the balance of forces in the field, the possibility of a new hegemony, and the future of the left from those events. This qualitative research was based on the historiographic method and documentary analysis. Its theoretical foundations are found mostly in the work of Antonio Gramsci, from which we extract the categories for the study of political matters in a historical perspective. After a bibliographical survey on the beginnings of the New Republic, the constitution of PT’s hegemony and their presidential governments between 2003 and 2016, we dedicated ourselves to investigate the documents and resolutions issued by the collective actors until 2018 in order to characterize them and to understand their connections, affinities and rejections. Twenty-two organizations were selected according to the criterion of hegemonic potential, in a few words, those that participated in the current crisis of the left and are involved in the struggle for the direction of the field – in line with our gramscian referential. From this effort it was possible to conclude that the PT’s hegemony still holds despite all the setbacks in the post-2013 period and the growing activity of the left opposition. The latter, with the role of PSOL and MTST, became more influential and offered a great contribution to renew, pluralize the militancy and insert the newly politicized generations. In short, hegemony in the leftist field is still in dispute, without any indication of the ascendancy of an alternative direction. Its future will depend on those collectives who, jointly, are able to overcome fragmentation, indicate a new strategic horizon and guide the dispute in the society midst of a democracy in recession.