Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Santiago, Thais Muniz Ottoni
Data de Publicação: 2016
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFLA
Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/12755
Resumo: The Forest Code (CF) is the main tool of the legislation that regulates land use on private properties in Brazil. The law requires that Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP) are set aside to preserve water resources and prevent erosion and that between 20% and 80% of the rural property area is conserved as Legal Reserve (RL). However, these requirements have historically been ignored. In the Amazon, the most biodiverse biome in the world, with an enormous stock of carbon, the little impact of the Forest Code can lead to global losses. In 2012, revisions to the law included new mechanisms to facilitate law compliance and inhibit new illegal deforestation. This work investigated the responses of Amazon farmers to the new legal context and analyzed the potential impacts of the 2012 CF. First, it was investigated the possibility of rupture of the RL construction as an instrument for environmental conservation after the new CF. The research, outlined by bibliographic and documentary methods, was dedicated to analyze the legal format of RL over time. It was concluded that the new CF made flexible or removed the requirement of RL maintenance, breaking the historical process of its affirmation as a conservation tool. Although it facilitates compliance with the law, the results have indicated that this strategy may not be enough to inhibit the formation of new environmental liabilities. The second paper analyzed the probability of land owners adopt plans for recovering the APP and the extension of these plans, once the decision is made. The data used included a survey applied to land owners, supplemented with georeferenced data of rural properties. It was concluded that the access to rural extension agents and other environmental regulations, such as environmental licensing, have had a significant impact on the development of these plans, suggesting that the 2012 CF has the potential to impact future decisions about land use. Finally, the third paper investigated the probability of landowners in Rondônia wanting to participate in the new Environmental Reserve Quota (CRA) market. The data used in this analysis came from georeferenced data inserted in the Rural Environmental Register (CAR), including responses to the questionnaire applied during the registration process. In addition, socioeconomic data of counties, provided by the IBGE, were used. It was concluded that medium and large rural landowners are likely to drive the CRA trades and the ones with higher opportunity costs of land use are the potential buyers of CRA. There was no evidence that small land owners are willing to participate in this market, which can be environmentally beneficial if the absence of quota offers favors other measures of regularization that promote the increase of forest cover. On the other hand, additional positive incentives for encouraging the conservation of any remaining vegetation on these properties seem to be needed. This work, therefore, suggests that effective efforts and complementary policy, able to support the implementation of the new law, will be essential to the success of the 2012 FC.
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spelling Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012Impacts of the brazilian forest code, Federal Law nº 12.651/2012Área de preservação permanenteReserva legalCadastro ambiental ruralConformidade ambientalPermanent preservation areasLegal reserveEnvironmental rural registryEnvironmental complianceRecursos Florestais e Engenharia FlorestalThe Forest Code (CF) is the main tool of the legislation that regulates land use on private properties in Brazil. The law requires that Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP) are set aside to preserve water resources and prevent erosion and that between 20% and 80% of the rural property area is conserved as Legal Reserve (RL). However, these requirements have historically been ignored. In the Amazon, the most biodiverse biome in the world, with an enormous stock of carbon, the little impact of the Forest Code can lead to global losses. In 2012, revisions to the law included new mechanisms to facilitate law compliance and inhibit new illegal deforestation. This work investigated the responses of Amazon farmers to the new legal context and analyzed the potential impacts of the 2012 CF. First, it was investigated the possibility of rupture of the RL construction as an instrument for environmental conservation after the new CF. The research, outlined by bibliographic and documentary methods, was dedicated to analyze the legal format of RL over time. It was concluded that the new CF made flexible or removed the requirement of RL maintenance, breaking the historical process of its affirmation as a conservation tool. Although it facilitates compliance with the law, the results have indicated that this strategy may not be enough to inhibit the formation of new environmental liabilities. The second paper analyzed the probability of land owners adopt plans for recovering the APP and the extension of these plans, once the decision is made. The data used included a survey applied to land owners, supplemented with georeferenced data of rural properties. It was concluded that the access to rural extension agents and other environmental regulations, such as environmental licensing, have had a significant impact on the development of these plans, suggesting that the 2012 CF has the potential to impact future decisions about land use. Finally, the third paper investigated the probability of landowners in Rondônia wanting to participate in the new Environmental Reserve Quota (CRA) market. The data used in this analysis came from georeferenced data inserted in the Rural Environmental Register (CAR), including responses to the questionnaire applied during the registration process. In addition, socioeconomic data of counties, provided by the IBGE, were used. It was concluded that medium and large rural landowners are likely to drive the CRA trades and the ones with higher opportunity costs of land use are the potential buyers of CRA. There was no evidence that small land owners are willing to participate in this market, which can be environmentally beneficial if the absence of quota offers favors other measures of regularization that promote the increase of forest cover. On the other hand, additional positive incentives for encouraging the conservation of any remaining vegetation on these properties seem to be needed. This work, therefore, suggests that effective efforts and complementary policy, able to support the implementation of the new law, will be essential to the success of the 2012 FC.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)O Código Florestal (CF) é a ferramenta central da legislação que regula o uso do solo em imóveis rurais do país. A lei exige que Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) sejam mantidas para preservar recursos hídricos e evitar erosão e que entre 20% a 80% da área dos imóveis rurais seja conservada como Reserva Legal (RL). No entanto, tais exigências têm sido historicamente ignoradas. Na Amazônia, bioma com a maior biodiversidade do planeta e um enorme estoque de carbono, o pouco impacto do CF pode levar a prejuízos globais. Em 2012, revisões do CF incluíram novos mecanismos para facilitar cumprimento da lei e evitar novos desmatamentos ilegais. Esse trabalho investigou as respostas de produtores rurais da Amazônia ao novo contexto legal e analisou os potenciais impactos do CF de 2012. Inicialmente, investigou-se a hipótese de ruptura do processo de construção da RL como instrumento de conservação ambiental a partir do CF de 2012. A pesquisa, delineada por métodos bibliográficos e documentais, dedicou-se a analisar o formato jurídico da RL ao longo do tempo. Concluiu-se que, ao buscar solucionar o pouco impacto de ambiciosas exigências do passado, o novo CF flexibilizou ou retirou a exigência de manutenção de RL, rompendo o processo histórico de sua afirmação como instrumento de conservação. Embora ele facilite o cumprimento da lei, os resultados indicam que essa estratégia pode não ser suficiente para inibir a formação de novos passivos ambientais. O segundo artigo analisou a probabilidade de pequenos produtores rurais de Rondônia adotarem planos para a recuperação de APP e a extensão desses planos uma vez que a decisão é tomada. Os dados utilizados incluíram questionários aplicados a produtores rurais, suplementados por dados georeferenciados de imóveis rurais. Concluiu-se que o acesso aos agentes de extensão rural e outras regulações ambientais, tais como licenciamento ambiental, tiveram impacto significativo sobre o desenvolvimento desses planos, sugerindo que o CF de 2012 tem potencial para impactar decisões futuras sobre o uso do solo. Por fim, o último artigo investigou a probabilidade de proprietários de terras de Rondônia desejarem participar do novo mercado de Cotas de Reserva Ambiental (CRA). Dados utilizados nessa análise vieram dos registros georeferenciados inseridos no Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR), incluindo respostas ao questionário aplicado durante o cadastramento. Adicionalmente, foram utilizados dados socioeconômicos municipais disponibilizados pelo IBGE. Concluiu-se que médios e grandes proprietários rurais tendem a conduzir o comércio de CRA, sendo aqueles com maiores custos de oportunidade do uso do solo os potenciais compradores de CRA. Não houve indícios de que pequenos produtores se disponham a participar desse mercado, o que pode ser ambientalmente benéfico se a ausência de oferta de cotas favorecer outras medidas de regularização que promovam o aumento da cobertura vegetal. Por outro lado, incentivos positivos adicionais para a conservação de eventuais remanescentes vegetais nesses imóveis parecem necessários. Este trabalho, portanto, sugere que esforços reais e políticas complementares, capazes de apoiar a aplicação da nova lei, serão essenciais para o sucesso do CF de 2012.Universidade Federal de LavrasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências FlorestaisUFLAbrasilDepartamento de Ciências FlorestaisRezende, José Luiz Pereira deBorges , Luis Antônio CoimbraBotelho, Soraya AlvarengaBorém , Rosângela Alves TristãoSanto, Anderson AlvesSantiago, Thais Muniz Ottoni2017-04-19T17:47:46Z2017-04-19T17:47:46Z2017-04-172016-11-30info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfSANTIAGO, T. M. O. Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012. 2017. 101 p. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Florestal)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2016.http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/12755porinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFLAinstname:Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)instacron:UFLA2018-05-08T19:56:29Zoai:localhost:1/12755Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.ufla.br/oai/requestnivaldo@ufla.br || repositorio.biblioteca@ufla.bropendoar:2018-05-08T19:56:29Repositório Institucional da UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012
Impacts of the brazilian forest code, Federal Law nº 12.651/2012
title Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012
spellingShingle Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012
Santiago, Thais Muniz Ottoni
Área de preservação permanente
Reserva legal
Cadastro ambiental rural
Conformidade ambiental
Permanent preservation areas
Legal reserve
Environmental rural registry
Environmental compliance
Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal
title_short Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012
title_full Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012
title_fullStr Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012
title_full_unstemmed Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012
title_sort Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012
author Santiago, Thais Muniz Ottoni
author_facet Santiago, Thais Muniz Ottoni
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Rezende, José Luiz Pereira de
Borges , Luis Antônio Coimbra
Botelho, Soraya Alvarenga
Borém , Rosângela Alves Tristão
Santo, Anderson Alves
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Santiago, Thais Muniz Ottoni
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Área de preservação permanente
Reserva legal
Cadastro ambiental rural
Conformidade ambiental
Permanent preservation areas
Legal reserve
Environmental rural registry
Environmental compliance
Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal
topic Área de preservação permanente
Reserva legal
Cadastro ambiental rural
Conformidade ambiental
Permanent preservation areas
Legal reserve
Environmental rural registry
Environmental compliance
Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal
description The Forest Code (CF) is the main tool of the legislation that regulates land use on private properties in Brazil. The law requires that Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP) are set aside to preserve water resources and prevent erosion and that between 20% and 80% of the rural property area is conserved as Legal Reserve (RL). However, these requirements have historically been ignored. In the Amazon, the most biodiverse biome in the world, with an enormous stock of carbon, the little impact of the Forest Code can lead to global losses. In 2012, revisions to the law included new mechanisms to facilitate law compliance and inhibit new illegal deforestation. This work investigated the responses of Amazon farmers to the new legal context and analyzed the potential impacts of the 2012 CF. First, it was investigated the possibility of rupture of the RL construction as an instrument for environmental conservation after the new CF. The research, outlined by bibliographic and documentary methods, was dedicated to analyze the legal format of RL over time. It was concluded that the new CF made flexible or removed the requirement of RL maintenance, breaking the historical process of its affirmation as a conservation tool. Although it facilitates compliance with the law, the results have indicated that this strategy may not be enough to inhibit the formation of new environmental liabilities. The second paper analyzed the probability of land owners adopt plans for recovering the APP and the extension of these plans, once the decision is made. The data used included a survey applied to land owners, supplemented with georeferenced data of rural properties. It was concluded that the access to rural extension agents and other environmental regulations, such as environmental licensing, have had a significant impact on the development of these plans, suggesting that the 2012 CF has the potential to impact future decisions about land use. Finally, the third paper investigated the probability of landowners in Rondônia wanting to participate in the new Environmental Reserve Quota (CRA) market. The data used in this analysis came from georeferenced data inserted in the Rural Environmental Register (CAR), including responses to the questionnaire applied during the registration process. In addition, socioeconomic data of counties, provided by the IBGE, were used. It was concluded that medium and large rural landowners are likely to drive the CRA trades and the ones with higher opportunity costs of land use are the potential buyers of CRA. There was no evidence that small land owners are willing to participate in this market, which can be environmentally beneficial if the absence of quota offers favors other measures of regularization that promote the increase of forest cover. On the other hand, additional positive incentives for encouraging the conservation of any remaining vegetation on these properties seem to be needed. This work, therefore, suggests that effective efforts and complementary policy, able to support the implementation of the new law, will be essential to the success of the 2012 FC.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2016-11-30
2017-04-19T17:47:46Z
2017-04-19T17:47:46Z
2017-04-17
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
format doctoralThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv SANTIAGO, T. M. O. Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012. 2017. 101 p. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Florestal)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2016.
http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/12755
identifier_str_mv SANTIAGO, T. M. O. Impactos do novo código florestal brasileiro, Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012. 2017. 101 p. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Florestal)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2016.
url http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/12755
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Lavras
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais
UFLA
brasil
Departamento de Ciências Florestais
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Lavras
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais
UFLA
brasil
Departamento de Ciências Florestais
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFLA
instname:Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)
instacron:UFLA
instname_str Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)
instacron_str UFLA
institution UFLA
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da UFLA
collection Repositório Institucional da UFLA
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv nivaldo@ufla.br || repositorio.biblioteca@ufla.br
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