Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFLA |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/29272 |
Resumo: | Glycerol is an important component of animal metabolism that can be directed for triacylglycerols or glucose synthesis or be oxidized for energy production. Crude glycerin has a high concentration of glycerol (70 to 95%) and high energy (approximately 4.320 kcal gross energy / kg) and, therefore, has been studied as an energy source in the diet of farm animals , such as pigs. Ractopamine, in turn, has been used as a dietary supplement for pigs, in order to obtain carcasses with lower fat content and higher lean mass, improving the production process and making the meat of these animals more competitive in market. Thereby, the optimization of the use of mixed crude glycerin (MCG) and the ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) in diets for finishing pigs requires a better understanding of glycerol metabolism. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance of blood parameters, metabolite levels in the Longissimus lumborum muscle and the activity of enzymes in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue and kidney of pigs fed diets containing MCG and/or RH. According to the initial weight, 64 barrows were distributed in a 4 x 2 factorial design, corresponding to four concentration of MCG (0, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg) in diets containing 0 or 10 mg/kg RH. Each animal was considered an experimental unit, being used eight repetitions per treatment. The performance during the experimental period of 28 days was evaluated. At the end of the experiment, samples of blood, muscle Longissimus lumborum, liver, subcutaneous fat, and kidney were collected. There was no interaction between MCG x RH for all the evaluated parameters. Moreover, there was no isolated effect of dietary MCG or RH on the weight gain and the blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, creatinine, cortisol, and lactate. However, regardless the supplementation of RH in the diet, the increase of MCG concentration in the diet affected the daily feed intake and the daily intake of MCG, increasing the level of glycerol kinase (GK) in the liver and the malic enzyme at the adipose tissue. On the other hand, regardless the dietetic concentration of MCG, the inclusion of RH in the diet improved food conversion rate, reduced the glycerol concentration in the muscle, decreased the GK activity and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in adipose tissue, also increasing the activity of hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase. There was a higher rate of phosphorylation of glycerol in the liver, stimulation of lipogenesis in adipose tissue and a likely increase in the utilization of glycerol by muscle fibers in response to an increased concentration of circulating glycerol from the diet. On the other hand, when the diet contained up to 200 g/kg MCG and 10 mg/kg RH, there were indications of lower utilization of glycerol for the synthesis of triacylglycerols in muscle, liver and adipose tissue, besides increased oxidation of amino acids in the liver followed by improved feed conversion of pigs. |
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Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonistMetabolismo do glicerol em suínos alimentados com dietas contendo glicerina bruta mista e agonista β-adrenérgicoAdaptação metabólicaLipogêneseMetabolismo AnimalSuínos - DietaSuínos - Parâmetro sanguíneoMetabolic adaptationLipogenesisAnimal metabolismSwine - DietSwine - Blood parametersMedicina VeterináriaGlycerol is an important component of animal metabolism that can be directed for triacylglycerols or glucose synthesis or be oxidized for energy production. Crude glycerin has a high concentration of glycerol (70 to 95%) and high energy (approximately 4.320 kcal gross energy / kg) and, therefore, has been studied as an energy source in the diet of farm animals , such as pigs. Ractopamine, in turn, has been used as a dietary supplement for pigs, in order to obtain carcasses with lower fat content and higher lean mass, improving the production process and making the meat of these animals more competitive in market. Thereby, the optimization of the use of mixed crude glycerin (MCG) and the ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) in diets for finishing pigs requires a better understanding of glycerol metabolism. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance of blood parameters, metabolite levels in the Longissimus lumborum muscle and the activity of enzymes in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue and kidney of pigs fed diets containing MCG and/or RH. According to the initial weight, 64 barrows were distributed in a 4 x 2 factorial design, corresponding to four concentration of MCG (0, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg) in diets containing 0 or 10 mg/kg RH. Each animal was considered an experimental unit, being used eight repetitions per treatment. The performance during the experimental period of 28 days was evaluated. At the end of the experiment, samples of blood, muscle Longissimus lumborum, liver, subcutaneous fat, and kidney were collected. There was no interaction between MCG x RH for all the evaluated parameters. Moreover, there was no isolated effect of dietary MCG or RH on the weight gain and the blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, creatinine, cortisol, and lactate. However, regardless the supplementation of RH in the diet, the increase of MCG concentration in the diet affected the daily feed intake and the daily intake of MCG, increasing the level of glycerol kinase (GK) in the liver and the malic enzyme at the adipose tissue. On the other hand, regardless the dietetic concentration of MCG, the inclusion of RH in the diet improved food conversion rate, reduced the glycerol concentration in the muscle, decreased the GK activity and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in adipose tissue, also increasing the activity of hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase. There was a higher rate of phosphorylation of glycerol in the liver, stimulation of lipogenesis in adipose tissue and a likely increase in the utilization of glycerol by muscle fibers in response to an increased concentration of circulating glycerol from the diet. On the other hand, when the diet contained up to 200 g/kg MCG and 10 mg/kg RH, there were indications of lower utilization of glycerol for the synthesis of triacylglycerols in muscle, liver and adipose tissue, besides increased oxidation of amino acids in the liver followed by improved feed conversion of pigs.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)O glicerol é um importante componente do metabolismo animal que pode ser destinado à síntese de triacilgliceróis, glicose ou ser oxidado para produção de energia. A glicerina bruta apresenta elevada concentração de glicerol (70 a 95%) e alto valor energético (cerca de 4.320 kcal de energia bruta/kg) e, assim, vem sendo estudada como fonte energética na alimentação de animais de produção, como os suínos. A ractopamina, por sua vez, tem sido utilizada como suplemento dietético para suínos, a fim de se obter carcaças com menores teores de gordura e maior quantidade de massa magra, potencializando o processo de produção e tornando a carne desses animais mais competitiva no mercado. Neste sentido, a otimização do uso de glicerina bruta mista (GBM) e cloridrato de ractopamina (RAC) em dietas para suínos em terminação requer uma melhor compreensão do metabolismo do glicerol. Portanto, este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o desempenho, parâmetros sanguíneos, teores de metabólitos no músculo e a atividade de enzimas no fígado, tecido adiposo e rim de suínos alimentados com dietas contendo GBM e/ou RAC. De acordo com o peso inicial, 64 suínos machos castrados foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, correspondendo a quatro concentrações de GBM (0, 100, 150 e 200 g/kg ou 0, 10, 15 e 20%) em dietas contendo 0 ou 10 mg/kg de RAC. Cada dieta foi avaliada em oito repetições. O desempenho durante o período experimental de 28 dias foi avaliado. Ao final do experimento, amostras de sangue, músculo Longissimus lumborum, fígado, gordura subcutânea e rim foram coletadas. Não houve interação GBM x RAC para todos os parâmetros avaliados. Além disso, não houve efeito isolado da GBM ou RAC da dieta sobre o ganho de peso e as concentrações sanguíneas de glicose, insulina, triacilgliceróis, colesterol total, proteína total, albumina, creatinina, cortisol e lactato. Entretanto, independente da suplementação de RAC na dieta, o aumento da concentração de GBM na dieta afetou o consumo de ração diário e o consumo diário de GBM, elevando o nível de glicerol no sangue e no músculo e aumentando a atividade da glicerol quinase (GK) no fígado e da enzima málica no tecido adiposo. Por outro lado, independente da concentração dietética de GBM, a inclusão de RAC na dieta melhorou a conversão alimentar, reduziu a concentração de glicerol no músculo, diminuiu a atividade da GK e glicerol-3-fosfato desidrogenase no fígado e da glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase no tecido adiposo, além de aumentar a atividade da glutamato desidrogenase hepática. Conclui-se que há maior taxa de fosforilação do glicerol no fígado, estímulo da lipogênese no tecido adiposo e provável aumento do aproveitamento do glicerol pelas fibras musculares em resposta ao aumento da concentração de glicerol circulante proveniente da dieta. Por outro lado, quando a dieta contém até 200 g/kg de GBM e 10 mg/kg de RAC há indicativos de menor aproveitamento do glicerol para a síntese de triacilgliceróis no tecido muscular, fígado e no tecido adiposo, além de aumento da oxidação de aminoácidos no fígado acompanhado de melhoria na conversão alimentar dos suínos.Universidade Federal de LavrasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências VeterináriasUFLAbrasilDepartamento de Ciências VeterináriasSousa, Raimundo Vicente deNaves, Luciana de PaulaNaves, Luciana de PaulaGarbossa, Cesar Augusto PospissilSimão, Anderson AssaidPereira, Luciano JoséPinto, Adriana Brasil Ferreira2018-05-17T16:02:46Z2018-05-17T16:02:46Z2018-05-172018-03-19info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfPINTO, A. B. F. Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist. 2018. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Veterinárias)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2018.http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/29272enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFLAinstname:Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)instacron:UFLA2023-04-24T17:02:37Zoai:localhost:1/29272Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.ufla.br/oai/requestnivaldo@ufla.br || repositorio.biblioteca@ufla.bropendoar:2023-04-24T17:02:37Repositório Institucional da UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist Metabolismo do glicerol em suínos alimentados com dietas contendo glicerina bruta mista e agonista β-adrenérgico |
title |
Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist |
spellingShingle |
Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist Pinto, Adriana Brasil Ferreira Adaptação metabólica Lipogênese Metabolismo Animal Suínos - Dieta Suínos - Parâmetro sanguíneo Metabolic adaptation Lipogenesis Animal metabolism Swine - Diet Swine - Blood parameters Medicina Veterinária |
title_short |
Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist |
title_full |
Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist |
title_fullStr |
Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist |
title_full_unstemmed |
Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist |
title_sort |
Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist |
author |
Pinto, Adriana Brasil Ferreira |
author_facet |
Pinto, Adriana Brasil Ferreira |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de Naves, Luciana de Paula Naves, Luciana de Paula Garbossa, Cesar Augusto Pospissil Simão, Anderson Assaid Pereira, Luciano José |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pinto, Adriana Brasil Ferreira |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Adaptação metabólica Lipogênese Metabolismo Animal Suínos - Dieta Suínos - Parâmetro sanguíneo Metabolic adaptation Lipogenesis Animal metabolism Swine - Diet Swine - Blood parameters Medicina Veterinária |
topic |
Adaptação metabólica Lipogênese Metabolismo Animal Suínos - Dieta Suínos - Parâmetro sanguíneo Metabolic adaptation Lipogenesis Animal metabolism Swine - Diet Swine - Blood parameters Medicina Veterinária |
description |
Glycerol is an important component of animal metabolism that can be directed for triacylglycerols or glucose synthesis or be oxidized for energy production. Crude glycerin has a high concentration of glycerol (70 to 95%) and high energy (approximately 4.320 kcal gross energy / kg) and, therefore, has been studied as an energy source in the diet of farm animals , such as pigs. Ractopamine, in turn, has been used as a dietary supplement for pigs, in order to obtain carcasses with lower fat content and higher lean mass, improving the production process and making the meat of these animals more competitive in market. Thereby, the optimization of the use of mixed crude glycerin (MCG) and the ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) in diets for finishing pigs requires a better understanding of glycerol metabolism. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance of blood parameters, metabolite levels in the Longissimus lumborum muscle and the activity of enzymes in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue and kidney of pigs fed diets containing MCG and/or RH. According to the initial weight, 64 barrows were distributed in a 4 x 2 factorial design, corresponding to four concentration of MCG (0, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg) in diets containing 0 or 10 mg/kg RH. Each animal was considered an experimental unit, being used eight repetitions per treatment. The performance during the experimental period of 28 days was evaluated. At the end of the experiment, samples of blood, muscle Longissimus lumborum, liver, subcutaneous fat, and kidney were collected. There was no interaction between MCG x RH for all the evaluated parameters. Moreover, there was no isolated effect of dietary MCG or RH on the weight gain and the blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, creatinine, cortisol, and lactate. However, regardless the supplementation of RH in the diet, the increase of MCG concentration in the diet affected the daily feed intake and the daily intake of MCG, increasing the level of glycerol kinase (GK) in the liver and the malic enzyme at the adipose tissue. On the other hand, regardless the dietetic concentration of MCG, the inclusion of RH in the diet improved food conversion rate, reduced the glycerol concentration in the muscle, decreased the GK activity and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in adipose tissue, also increasing the activity of hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase. There was a higher rate of phosphorylation of glycerol in the liver, stimulation of lipogenesis in adipose tissue and a likely increase in the utilization of glycerol by muscle fibers in response to an increased concentration of circulating glycerol from the diet. On the other hand, when the diet contained up to 200 g/kg MCG and 10 mg/kg RH, there were indications of lower utilization of glycerol for the synthesis of triacylglycerols in muscle, liver and adipose tissue, besides increased oxidation of amino acids in the liver followed by improved feed conversion of pigs. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-05-17T16:02:46Z 2018-05-17T16:02:46Z 2018-05-17 2018-03-19 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
PINTO, A. B. F. Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist. 2018. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Veterinárias)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2018. http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/29272 |
identifier_str_mv |
PINTO, A. B. F. Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist. 2018. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Veterinárias)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2018. |
url |
http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/29272 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Lavras Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias UFLA brasil Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Lavras Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias UFLA brasil Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFLA instname:Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) instacron:UFLA |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) |
instacron_str |
UFLA |
institution |
UFLA |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UFLA |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UFLA |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
nivaldo@ufla.br || repositorio.biblioteca@ufla.br |
_version_ |
1807835152044261376 |