Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFLA |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/46849 |
Resumo: | Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the replacement (partial or complete) of antibiotics (ANT) by nutritional additives for pigs in the nursery to finishing phase. The objective of study 1 was to evaluate the effects of benzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EO) on cellular and humoral immune response, morphology, gene expression, antioxidant capacity in the jejunal mucosa, and cecal content microbiota in weaned piglets and growth performance from the nursery to finishing phase. One hundred and twenty barrows were weaned and assigned in a randomized block design: basal diet (BD) without additives (NC), BD with ANT (PC), and BD with 0.3% BA and EO (BA+EO). In the nursery phase, the PC piglets showed a greater body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the NC group, but similar levels to the BA+EO group. In the growing phase, the PC treatment resulted in a greater BW and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and in the finishing phase the BW of the BA+EO group was similar to that of the PC group and greater than that of the NC group. In the total period, the BW and ADG of the PC and BA+EO pigs were similar and higher than those for the NC treatment. The BA+EO pigs had the lowest incidence of diarrhea during the nursery period. The use of BA+EO reduced the counts of total white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils. In the microbiome analyses, it was observed that the BA+EO and PC groups had similar cecal microbiota when compared to the NC piglets. A significant increase in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was observed in the BA+EO group. In conclusion, supplementation with BA+EO reduced the inflammatory response and modified the cecal microbiome in the post-weaning period, resulting in an improvement in the growth performance of finishing pigs. The objective of study 2 was to evaluate the use of yeast products (YP) and EO in total or partial replacement to the in-feed antibiotic protocols (growth promoter and prophylactic), both in recommended doses and in overdose of prophylactic antibiotics, on growth performance, diarrhea incidence in the growing-finishing pigs, and fecal microbiota in market hogs. Four hundred pigs (20.36 ± 2.64 kg) were assigned in a randomized block design: diets with prophylactic and growth promoter antibiotics (ANT); ANT with 30% more prophylactic antibiotics (ANT+30); diets with less prophylactic antibiotics and YP (ANT+Y); diets with less prophylactic antibiotics, YP and EO (ANT+Y+EO); and diets free antibiotics and with YP and EO (Y+EO). From 0 to 14d, pigs of the ANT+30, ANT+Y, and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a greater BW and ADG compared to pigs from the Y+EO group. From 14 to 35d, pigs of ANT+30 and ANT+Y+EO treatments were to be heavier than Y+EO group. At 105d, ANT pigs had a higher BW than the Y+EO group. For the entire period, ADG of ANT pigs were greater and FCR better than Y+EO pigs. From 49 to 70d, ANT+Y and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a lower diarrhea incidence than Y+EO group, which remained the case during the overall period. At 105d, the alpha diversity of fecal microbiota were lower in ANT+30 and Y+EO groups than observed for ANT+Y+EO group. In conclusion, the use of YP and EO (growth promoter and prophylactic), in partial replacement to the in-feed antibiotic protocols, does not reduce the growth performance, can replace antibiotic growth promotors, and reduce the in-feed use of prophylactic antibiotics in growing-finishing pigs. The use of YP and EO, together with prophylactic antibiotics, increase the microbial diversity, despite having important genera for weight gain in less abundance. Overdose of prophylactic antibiotics does not improve growth performance and reduces microbial diversity, which does not characterize it as an efficient preventive protocol. |
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Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategiesAditivosSuínosDiarréiaSaúde intestinalMicrobiomaAdditivesPigsDiarrheaIntestinal healthMicrobiomeZootecniaTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the replacement (partial or complete) of antibiotics (ANT) by nutritional additives for pigs in the nursery to finishing phase. The objective of study 1 was to evaluate the effects of benzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EO) on cellular and humoral immune response, morphology, gene expression, antioxidant capacity in the jejunal mucosa, and cecal content microbiota in weaned piglets and growth performance from the nursery to finishing phase. One hundred and twenty barrows were weaned and assigned in a randomized block design: basal diet (BD) without additives (NC), BD with ANT (PC), and BD with 0.3% BA and EO (BA+EO). In the nursery phase, the PC piglets showed a greater body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the NC group, but similar levels to the BA+EO group. In the growing phase, the PC treatment resulted in a greater BW and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and in the finishing phase the BW of the BA+EO group was similar to that of the PC group and greater than that of the NC group. In the total period, the BW and ADG of the PC and BA+EO pigs were similar and higher than those for the NC treatment. The BA+EO pigs had the lowest incidence of diarrhea during the nursery period. The use of BA+EO reduced the counts of total white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils. In the microbiome analyses, it was observed that the BA+EO and PC groups had similar cecal microbiota when compared to the NC piglets. A significant increase in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was observed in the BA+EO group. In conclusion, supplementation with BA+EO reduced the inflammatory response and modified the cecal microbiome in the post-weaning period, resulting in an improvement in the growth performance of finishing pigs. The objective of study 2 was to evaluate the use of yeast products (YP) and EO in total or partial replacement to the in-feed antibiotic protocols (growth promoter and prophylactic), both in recommended doses and in overdose of prophylactic antibiotics, on growth performance, diarrhea incidence in the growing-finishing pigs, and fecal microbiota in market hogs. Four hundred pigs (20.36 ± 2.64 kg) were assigned in a randomized block design: diets with prophylactic and growth promoter antibiotics (ANT); ANT with 30% more prophylactic antibiotics (ANT+30); diets with less prophylactic antibiotics and YP (ANT+Y); diets with less prophylactic antibiotics, YP and EO (ANT+Y+EO); and diets free antibiotics and with YP and EO (Y+EO). From 0 to 14d, pigs of the ANT+30, ANT+Y, and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a greater BW and ADG compared to pigs from the Y+EO group. From 14 to 35d, pigs of ANT+30 and ANT+Y+EO treatments were to be heavier than Y+EO group. At 105d, ANT pigs had a higher BW than the Y+EO group. For the entire period, ADG of ANT pigs were greater and FCR better than Y+EO pigs. From 49 to 70d, ANT+Y and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a lower diarrhea incidence than Y+EO group, which remained the case during the overall period. At 105d, the alpha diversity of fecal microbiota were lower in ANT+30 and Y+EO groups than observed for ANT+Y+EO group. In conclusion, the use of YP and EO (growth promoter and prophylactic), in partial replacement to the in-feed antibiotic protocols, does not reduce the growth performance, can replace antibiotic growth promotors, and reduce the in-feed use of prophylactic antibiotics in growing-finishing pigs. The use of YP and EO, together with prophylactic antibiotics, increase the microbial diversity, despite having important genera for weight gain in less abundance. Overdose of prophylactic antibiotics does not improve growth performance and reduces microbial diversity, which does not characterize it as an efficient preventive protocol.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar os efeitos da substituição (parcial ou total) dos antibióticos por aditivos nutricionais em suínos da creche a terminação. O objetivo do estudo 1 foi avaliar a associação do ácido benzoico (AB) e dos óleos essenciais (OE) na resposta imune; morfologia, expressão gênica e capacidade antioxidante na mucosa jejunal; microbiota do conteúdo cecal, no pós-desmame e desempenho dos suínos da creche à terminação. Cento e vinte suínos machos castrados foram desmamados e distribuídos em um delineamento de blocos casualizados: dieta basal (DB) sem aditivos (CN), DB com antibióticos (CP) e DB com 0,3% de BA e OE (AB+OE). Na fase de creche, os leitões do grupo CP apresentaram maior peso e ganho médio diário (GPD) e melhor conversão alimentar (CA) em comparação com o grupo CN, mas semelhantes aos do grupo AB+OE. Na fase de crescimento, o tratamento CP resultou em maior peso e consumo médio de ração diário (CMRD), e na fase de terminação o peso do grupo AB+OE foi semelhante ao do grupo CP e maior que o do grupo CN. No período total, o peso e o GPD dos grupos CP e AB+OE foram semelhantes e superiores aos do tratamento CN. Os leitões AB+OE tiveram a menor incidência de diarreia durante o período de creche. O uso de AB+OE reduziu a contagem de leucócitos totais e neutrófilos. Nas análises do microbioma, observou-se que os grupos AB+OE e CP apresentaram microbiota cecal semelhantes. Um aumento significativo no número de unidades taxonômicas operacionais (OTUs) foi observado no grupo AB+OE. Em conclusão, o uso de AB+EO reduziu a resposta inflamatória e modificou o microbioma cecal no período pós-desmame, resultando em melhora no desempenho de suínos em terminação. O objetivo do estudo 2 foi avaliar o uso de produtos à base de levedura (LEV) e OE em substituição total ou parcial aos protocolos de antibióticos via ração (promotor de crescimento e profilático), tanto em doses recomendadas quanto em superdose dos antibióticos profiláticos, no desempenho e incidência de diarreia em suínos em crescimento e terminação; e na microbiota fecal de suínos em idade de abate. Quatrocentos suínos (20,36±2,64 kg) foram distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados: dietas com antibióticos profiláticos e promotor de crescimento (ANT); ANT com 30% a mais de antibióticos profiláticos (ANT+30); dietas com menos profiláticos e LEV (ANT+LEV); dietas com menos profiláticos, LEV e OE (ANT+LEV+OE); dietas sem antibióticos com LEV e OE (LEV+OE). Dos 0 aos 14 dias, os suínos dos grupos ANT+30, ANT+LEV e ANT+LEV+OE apresentaram um maior peso e GPD do que os suínos do grupo LEV+OE. Aos 35 dias, os suínos dos tratamentos ANT e ANT+LEV+OE apresentaram maior peso do que o grupo LEV+OE. Aos 105 dias, suínos do grupo ANT tiveram um peso maior que os suínos do grupo LEV+ANT. Durante o período total, os suínos do grupo ANT apresentaram maior GPD e melhor CA do que o grupo LEV+OE. Dos 49 aos 70 dias, os tratamentos ANT+LEV e ANT+LEV+OE mostraram uma incidência de diarreia menor do que o grupo LEV+OE, o que permaneceu durante todo o período. Aos 105 dias, a diversidade alfa da microbiota fecal foi menor nos grupos ANT, ANT+30 e LEV+OE do que a observada para o grupo ANT+LEV+OE. Em conclusão, o uso de LEV e OE (promotor de crescimento e profilático), em substituição parcial aos protocolos de antibióticos via ração, não reduz o desempenho de crescimento, pode substituir os promotores de crescimento de antibióticos e reduzir a uso na ração de antibióticos profiláticos em suínos em crescimento e terminação. O uso de LEV e OE, juntamente com antibióticos profiláticos, aumenta a diversidade microbiana, apesar de apresentar gêneros importantes para ganho de peso em menor abundância. A superdose de antibióticos terapêuticos não melhora o desempenho do crescimento e reduz a diversidade microbiana, o que não o caracteriza como um protocolo preventivo eficiente.Universidade Federal de LavrasPrograma de Pós-graduação em ZootecniaUFLAbrasilDepartamento de ZootecniaCantarelli, Vinícius de SouzaFerreira, Rony AntonioAbreu, Márvio Lobão Teixeira deCantarelli, Vinícius de SouzaAbreu, Márvio Lobão Teixeira dePeconick, Ana PaulaGarbossa, Cesar Augusto PospissilCosta, Matheus de OliveiraResende, Maíra2021-08-09T21:30:34Z2021-08-09T21:30:34Z2021-08-092021-05-19info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfRESENDE, M. Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies. 2021. 140 p. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia)–Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2021.http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/46849enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFLAinstname:Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)instacron:UFLA2023-05-11T20:51:52Zoai:localhost:1/46849Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.ufla.br/oai/requestnivaldo@ufla.br || repositorio.biblioteca@ufla.bropendoar:2023-05-11T20:51:52Repositório Institucional da UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies |
title |
Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies |
spellingShingle |
Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies Resende, Maíra Aditivos Suínos Diarréia Saúde intestinal Microbioma Additives Pigs Diarrhea Intestinal health Microbiome Zootecnia |
title_short |
Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies |
title_full |
Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies |
title_fullStr |
Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies |
title_sort |
Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies |
author |
Resende, Maíra |
author_facet |
Resende, Maíra |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Cantarelli, Vinícius de Souza Ferreira, Rony Antonio Abreu, Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Cantarelli, Vinícius de Souza Abreu, Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Peconick, Ana Paula Garbossa, Cesar Augusto Pospissil Costa, Matheus de Oliveira |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Resende, Maíra |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Aditivos Suínos Diarréia Saúde intestinal Microbioma Additives Pigs Diarrhea Intestinal health Microbiome Zootecnia |
topic |
Aditivos Suínos Diarréia Saúde intestinal Microbioma Additives Pigs Diarrhea Intestinal health Microbiome Zootecnia |
description |
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the replacement (partial or complete) of antibiotics (ANT) by nutritional additives for pigs in the nursery to finishing phase. The objective of study 1 was to evaluate the effects of benzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EO) on cellular and humoral immune response, morphology, gene expression, antioxidant capacity in the jejunal mucosa, and cecal content microbiota in weaned piglets and growth performance from the nursery to finishing phase. One hundred and twenty barrows were weaned and assigned in a randomized block design: basal diet (BD) without additives (NC), BD with ANT (PC), and BD with 0.3% BA and EO (BA+EO). In the nursery phase, the PC piglets showed a greater body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the NC group, but similar levels to the BA+EO group. In the growing phase, the PC treatment resulted in a greater BW and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and in the finishing phase the BW of the BA+EO group was similar to that of the PC group and greater than that of the NC group. In the total period, the BW and ADG of the PC and BA+EO pigs were similar and higher than those for the NC treatment. The BA+EO pigs had the lowest incidence of diarrhea during the nursery period. The use of BA+EO reduced the counts of total white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils. In the microbiome analyses, it was observed that the BA+EO and PC groups had similar cecal microbiota when compared to the NC piglets. A significant increase in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was observed in the BA+EO group. In conclusion, supplementation with BA+EO reduced the inflammatory response and modified the cecal microbiome in the post-weaning period, resulting in an improvement in the growth performance of finishing pigs. The objective of study 2 was to evaluate the use of yeast products (YP) and EO in total or partial replacement to the in-feed antibiotic protocols (growth promoter and prophylactic), both in recommended doses and in overdose of prophylactic antibiotics, on growth performance, diarrhea incidence in the growing-finishing pigs, and fecal microbiota in market hogs. Four hundred pigs (20.36 ± 2.64 kg) were assigned in a randomized block design: diets with prophylactic and growth promoter antibiotics (ANT); ANT with 30% more prophylactic antibiotics (ANT+30); diets with less prophylactic antibiotics and YP (ANT+Y); diets with less prophylactic antibiotics, YP and EO (ANT+Y+EO); and diets free antibiotics and with YP and EO (Y+EO). From 0 to 14d, pigs of the ANT+30, ANT+Y, and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a greater BW and ADG compared to pigs from the Y+EO group. From 14 to 35d, pigs of ANT+30 and ANT+Y+EO treatments were to be heavier than Y+EO group. At 105d, ANT pigs had a higher BW than the Y+EO group. For the entire period, ADG of ANT pigs were greater and FCR better than Y+EO pigs. From 49 to 70d, ANT+Y and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a lower diarrhea incidence than Y+EO group, which remained the case during the overall period. At 105d, the alpha diversity of fecal microbiota were lower in ANT+30 and Y+EO groups than observed for ANT+Y+EO group. In conclusion, the use of YP and EO (growth promoter and prophylactic), in partial replacement to the in-feed antibiotic protocols, does not reduce the growth performance, can replace antibiotic growth promotors, and reduce the in-feed use of prophylactic antibiotics in growing-finishing pigs. The use of YP and EO, together with prophylactic antibiotics, increase the microbial diversity, despite having important genera for weight gain in less abundance. Overdose of prophylactic antibiotics does not improve growth performance and reduces microbial diversity, which does not characterize it as an efficient preventive protocol. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-08-09T21:30:34Z 2021-08-09T21:30:34Z 2021-08-09 2021-05-19 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
RESENDE, M. Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies. 2021. 140 p. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia)–Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2021. http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/46849 |
identifier_str_mv |
RESENDE, M. Management of in-feed antibiotics for swine: evaluation of alternative dietary strategies. 2021. 140 p. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia)–Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2021. |
url |
http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/46849 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Lavras Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia UFLA brasil Departamento de Zootecnia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Lavras Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia UFLA brasil Departamento de Zootecnia |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFLA instname:Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) instacron:UFLA |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) |
instacron_str |
UFLA |
institution |
UFLA |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UFLA |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UFLA |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
nivaldo@ufla.br || repositorio.biblioteca@ufla.br |
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1807835147513364480 |