| spelling |
2022-03-22T21:05:02Z2022-03-22T21:05:02Z201882289325http://doi.org/10.5102/rbpp.v8i2.53312236-1677http://hdl.handle.net/1843/40335https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8848-6348A finalidade deste artigo é demonstrar que a pobreza impõe maiores custos cognitivos para a tomada de decisões. Utilizou-se o método de revisão bibliográfica, mediante a extensa análise de pesquisas empíricas das ciências comportamentais. Inicialmente, apresentam-se os pressupostos teóricos da Economia Comportamental, bem como a Teoria dos Prospectos, os Descontos Intertemporais Hiperbólicos e o Esgotamento do Ego. Posteriormente, discute-se como a pobreza potencializa vieses cognitivos, utilizando-se, como exemplo, uma maior aversão ao risco e maiores descontos intertemporais. Cria-se, então, uma verdadeira tributação cognitiva, visto que as decisões econômicas na pobreza são mais custosas cognitivamente. Contribuem para esse cenário, principalmente, um esgotamento do ego mais intenso, cumulado com a diminuição das funções cognitivas, maiores índices de stress e o foco atencional voltado para a escassez. Por fim, discute-se como as agendas de políticas públicas poderiam se pautar na utilização, sobretudo, de nudges como mecanismo de combate aos efeitos da tributação cognitiva. Para isso, serão analisados três exemplos de políticas públicas: duas que funcionam considerando aspectos comportamentais e o PRONATEC, que, por desconsiderá-los, tem conseguido menos êxito do que poderia. Conclui-se, em suma, que a pobreza - por si só - impõe severos custos cognitivos para o processo decisório. A agenda de políticas públicas poderia, nesse contexto, ser aprimorada por meio das teorias econômico-comportamentais, para facilitar a decisão em condição de pobreza. Finalmente, o trabalho destaca a importância dessa agenda de pesquisa, ressaltando a necessidade de dados para contribuições mais efetivas.This paper aims to show that poverty imposes higher cognitive costs to decision-making. To prove this statement, we rely on an extensive review of behavioral science research, especially the experimental one. First of all, we present the theoretical grounds of Behavioral Economics, as well as the Prospects Theory, the Hyperbolic Intertemporal Discounts and the Ego Depletion. After that, we discuss how poverty increases cognitive biases, using, as an example, a greater risk aversion and bigger intertemporal discounts. It creates, therefore, a truly cognitive tax, as long as the decision-making in poverty is more cognitively expensive. Contribute to this situation factors that go mainly through an intensified ego depletion, cumulated with the impairment of cognitive functions, greater stress levels and the attentional focus facing the scarcity. Finally, we discuss how policy making agenda could mainly use nudges as a mechanism to reduce the cognitive taxes. To show that, it will be analyzed three examples of public policies: two that work well relying on behavioral insights and the PRONATEC, which are not having as much success as it could, because it ignore these insights. We conclude, to sum up, that poverty - by itself - imposes severe cognitive costs in decision-making process. In this context, the policy making agenda could be improved by using the behavioral economical theories, as a way to simplify the decision in a poverty condition. Finally, the paper highlights the importance of this research agenda, underlining that data is necessary to contribute in a more effective way to public policy.porUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisUFMGBrasilDIR - DEPARTAMENTO DE DIREITO PÚBLICORevista Brasileira de Políticas PúblicasDireitoEconomiaPolíticas públicasPobrezaEconomiaPolíticas públicasEconomia comportamentalEsgotamento do egoTributação cognitivaPobrezaEmpurrõesReduzindo a tributação cognitiva: lições comportamentais para a diminuição dos efeitos psicológicos adversos da pobrezaReducing the cognitive taxes: behavioral lessons to decrease the adverse psychological effects from povertyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://www.publicacoesacademicas.uniceub.br/RBPP/article/view/5331Gabriel Salgueiro SoaresLeandro Novais e SilvaLuiz Felipe Drummond TeixeiraOtávio Augusto Andrade Santosapplication/pdfinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMGinstname:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)instacron:UFMGLICENSELicense.txtLicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82042https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/40335/1/License.txtfa505098d172de0bc8864fc1287ffe22MD51ORIGINALReduzindo a tributação cognitiva ....pdfReduzindo a tributação cognitiva ....pdfapplication/pdf2862613https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/40335/2/Reduzindo%20a%20tributa%c3%a7%c3%a3o%20cognitiva%20....pdfb8fe90a65cf57ed47f6b0c852f504fb8MD521843/403352022-03-22 18:05:02.91oai:repositorio.ufmg.br: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Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://repositorio.ufmg.br/oaiopendoar:2022-03-22T21:05:02Repositório Institucional da UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)false
|